ArticleGenes and immunity
2DL1, 2DL2 and 2DL3 all contribute to KIR phenotype variability on human NK cells.
Article in Genes and immunity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leveraging the heterogeneity of the NK cell repertoire for the development of immunotherapies for acute leukemia.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Natural Killer Cell Education in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Polygenic polymorphism is associated with NKG2A repertoire and influences lymphocyte phenotype and function.Blood advances · 2024Article
- The KIR2DL1 intermediate upstream element participates in gene activation.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Characterization of KIRHLA · 2022Article
- Epitope characterization of a monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes KIR2DL1 allotypes.HLA · 2022Article
- The Interaction of HLA-C1/KIR2DL2/L3 Promoted KIR2DL2/L3 Single-Positive/NKG2C-Positive Natural Killer Cell Reconstitution, Raising the Incidence of aGVHD after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Donor KIR3DL1/receptor HLA-Bw4-80I Combination Reduces Acute Leukemia Relapse after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation without in Vitro T-cell Depletion.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-Ligand Interactions Predict Clinical Outcomes following Unrelated Donor Transplantations.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2020Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism inFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Genetic diversity affects the nanoscale membrane organization and signaling of natural killer cell receptors.Science signaling · 2019Article
- qKAT: Quantitative Semi-automated Typing of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2019Article
- Killer Ig-Like Receptors (KIRs): Their Role in NK Cell Modulation and Developments Leading to Their Clinical Exploitation.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Novel Approach to Cell Surface Discrimination Between KIR2DL1 Subtypes and KIR2DS1 Identifies Hierarchies in NK Repertoire, Education, and Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- High-Resolution Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of KIR2DL1 Alleles and Their Association with Pre-Eclampsia.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Natural Killer Cell Education and the Response to Infection and Cancer Therapy: Stay Tuned.Trends in immunology · 2018Review
- [Immune reconstruct regularity profile of KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1 in unrelated-donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2017Article
- KIR3DL01 upregulation on gut natural killer cells in response to SIV infection of KIR- and MHC class I-defined rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Improved full-length killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor transcript discovery in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques.Immunogenetics · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that function as part of the innate immune system. Their activity is controlled by a range of inhibitory and activating receptors, including the important killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). The KIR are a multi-gene family of receptors that interact with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I family of molecules and are characterised by extensive allelic polymorphism. Their expression on the cell surface of NK cells is highly variable, but the factors responsible for this variability are not yet clearly understood. In the current study, we investigated KIR expression in a healthy human cohort that we had previously characterised in depth at a genetic level, with KIR allele typing and HLA class I ligand genotypes available for all donors (n=198). Allelic polymorphism significantly affected the phenotypic expression of all KIR analysed, whereas HLA ligand background influenced the expression levels of 2DL1 and 2DL3. In particular, we found that although 2DL2 may influence 2DL1 expression, this appears to be owing to variation in 2DL1 copy number. Finally, the inhibitory receptor LILRB1 had higher expression levels in individuals with B/B KIR genotypes, suggesting a possible relationship between KIR and non-KIR receptors, which serves to balance NK cell activation potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.