ArticleScientific reports2015
A seed mixture increases dominance of resistance to Bt cotton in Helicoverpa zea.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of resistance to Bt proteins Cry1Ac and Vip3Aa on flight traits of Helicoverpa zea.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of structured and seed-blend refuges for corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using emergence cages and screen-bagged ear methods.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Article
- Segregation ofGenes · 2022Article
- Article
- Adaptive Introgression across Semipermeable Species Boundaries between Local Helicoverpa zea and Invasive Helicoverpa armigera Moths.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Mutations in a Novel Cadherin Gene Associated with Bt Resistance inG3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Plant Abandonment byInsects · 2020Article
- Review
- Occurrence and Ear Damage ofToxins · 2019Article
- Article
- Blended Refuge and Insect Resistance Management for Insecticidal Corn.Environmental entomology · 2018Review
- Climate change, transgenic corn adoption and field-evolved resistance in corn earworm.Royal Society open science · 2017Article
- Hybridizing transgenic Bt cotton with non-Bt cotton counters resistance in pink bollworm.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Field-Evolved Resistance in Corn Earworm to Cry Proteins Expressed by Transgenic Sweet Corn.PloS one · 2016Article
- Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Dual mode of action of Bt proteins: protoxin efficacy against resistant insects.Scientific reports · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Widely grown transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can benefit agriculture, but adaptation by pests threatens their continued success. Refuges of host plants that do not make Bt toxins can promote survival of susceptible insects and delay evolution of resistance, particularly if resistance is inherited as a recessive trait. However, data have been lacking to compare the dominance of resistance when Bt and non-Bt seeds are planted in random mixtures versus separate blocks. Here we report results from greenhouse experiments with transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac and the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, showing that the dominance of resistance was significantly higher in a seed mixture relative to a block of Bt cotton. The proportion of larvae on non-Bt cotton plants in the seed mixture was also significantly higher than expected under the null hypothesis of random distribution. In simulations based on observed survival, resistance evolved 2- to 4.5-fold faster in the seed mixture relative to separate blocks of Bt and non-Bt cotton. These findings support previous modelling results indicating that block refuges may be more effective than seed mixtures for delaying resistance in pests with mobile larvae and inherently low susceptibility to the toxins in Bt crops.
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