ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Incidence and Associated Risk Factors Among High-Risk MSM and Male-to-Female Transgender Women in Lima, Peru.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Bias Adjustment Techniques Are Underutilized in HIV Sexual Risk Estimation: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Current research gaps: a global systematic review of HIV and sexually transmissible infections among transgender populations.Sexual health · 2017Pooled it
- Global Epidemiology of HIV Infection and Related Syndemics Affecting Transgender People.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- TransPrEP: Results from the Pilot Study of a Social Network-Based Intervention to Support PrEP Adherence Among Transgender Women in Lima, Peru.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Biomedical and Behavioral Outcomes of Keep It Up!: An eHealth HIV Prevention Program RCT.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Trial
- Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) increases the frequency of partner notification among MSM in Lima, Peru: a pilot randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2017Trial
- Retrospective Study of Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox-HIV Coinfection in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hangzhou, China.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Risk at the Crossroads: Evaluating the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections in High-Risk Groups.Cureus · 2025Article
- Assessing a Couples-Based, Digital HIV Serostatus-Neutral Intervention (Para Ti, Para Mí, Para Nosotros) for Adult Cisgender Sexual Minority Male Couples in Lima, Peru: Protocol for a 6-Month Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- The potential of a hygiene-based message, preferred learning modalities, and *iLubricarte, Liberarte, Lavarte+!" or L 3 + for the prevention of HIV/STI in Peru.Research square · 2024Article
- Estimating counterfactual placebo HIV incidence in HIV prevention trials without placebo arms based on markers of HIV exposure.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2024Article
- Recent HIV infection and annualized HIV incidence rates among sexual and gender minorities in Brazil and Peru (ImPrEP seroincidence study): a cross-sectional, multicenter study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- A life course health development model of HIV vulnerabilities and resiliencies in young transgender women in Peru.Global health research and policy · 2023Article
- Burden of Disease of Gonorrhoea in Latin America: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Contributing factors for self-reported HIV in male Peruvian inmates: results of the 2016 prison census.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Substance use and other correlates of HIV infection among transwomen and men who have sex with men in Perú: Implications for targeted HIV prevention strategies for transwomen.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women (TW) are at increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We evaluated factors associated with incidence of HIV, HSV-2, and chlamydia and gonorrhea (anal and pharyngeal).
methodsWe used data from the Comunidades Positivas trial with MSM/TW who have sex with men in Lima, Peru. Participants were asked about sexual risk behaviors and underwent HIV/STI testing at baseline and 9- and 18-month follow-ups. We used discrete time proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios for variables associated with incidence of each STI.
resultsAmong 718 MSM/TW, HIV incidence was 3.6 cases per 100 person-years. HIV incidence was associated with having an incident STI adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 3.73. Unprotected receptive anal intercourse was associated with incident anal chlamydia (aHR 2.20). An increased number of sexual partners increased incident HSV-2 (aHR 3.15 for 6-14 partners and 3.97 for 15-46 partners compared with 0-2 partners). The risk of anal gonorrhea decreased with each sexually active year (aHR 0.94) and increased for unprotected compensated sex (aHR 2.36). The risk of pharyngeal gonorrhea also decreased with each year since sexual debut (aHR 0.95). The risk of anal chlamydia decreased with each sexually active year (aHR 0.96); the risk increased with reports of unprotected sex work (aHR 1.61) and unprotected receptive anal sex (aHR 2.63). All aHRs have P values <0.05.
conclusionsMSM/TW experience high incidence of HIV. Up-to-date prevalence and incidence information and identifying factors associated with infection can help develop a more effective combination prevention response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.