Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Plus Atazanavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Ritonavir, or Raltegravir.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT00851799 (Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Skeletal Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Skeletal Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (FTC/TDF) Plus Atazanavir/Ritonavir (ATV/r), Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r), or Raltegravir (RAL): Metabolic Substudy of A5257
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bone fragility in people living with HIV: a position statement from the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Guideline
- [Safety profile of tenofovir amibufenamide therapy extension or switching in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a phase Ⅲ multicenter, randomized controlled trial].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Attenuate Bone Loss among HIVInfected Patients Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine/ Efavirenz: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.Current HIV research · 2020Trial
- A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Low- Versus Moderate-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Brief Report: Changes in Plasma RANKL-Osteoprotegerin in a Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Initial Antiviral Therapy: A5260s.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- Immediate Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection Accelerates Bone Loss Relative to Deferring Therapy: Findings from the START Bone Mineral Density Substudy, a Randomized Trial.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Trial
- A Single-dose Zoledronic Acid Infusion Prevents Antiretroviral Therapy-induced Bone Loss in Treatment-naive HIV-infected Patients: A Phase IIb Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Trial
- Relationships Between Physical Activity and Bone Density in People Living with HIV: Results from the SATURN-HIV Study.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACTrial
- Association of a polygenic risk score with low trauma fractures in people with HIV - The swiss HIV cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density among children living with HIV over 96 weeks following switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral-specific associations between bone hormonal changes and treatment induced weight gain.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory profiles in older people with and without HIV in rural Uganda.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- HIV and Inflamm-Aging: How Do We Reach the Summit of Healthy Aging?Topics in antiviral medicine · 2024Review
- Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Review
- Bone Metabolism in Men who Live with HIV Aged 50 years and Over: Impact of Infection Duration.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Association of a Polygenic Risk Score With Osteoporosis in People Living With HIV: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- 96-Week Treatment of Tenofovir Amibufenamide and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Article
- Clinical pharmacology of the SingleTablet Regimen (STR) Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF).Le infezioni in medicina · 2023Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpecific antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications and the severity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease before treatment contribute to bone mineral density (BMD) loss after ART initiation.
methodsWe compared the percentage change in BMD over 96 weeks in 328 HIV-infected, treatment-naive individuals randomized equally to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), or raltegravir (RAL). We also determined whether baseline levels of inflammation markers and immune activation were independently associated with BMD loss.
resultsAt week 96, the mean percentage changes from baseline in spine and hip BMDs were similar in the protease inhibitor (PI) arms (spine: -4.0% in the ATV/r group vs -3.6% in the DRV/r [P = .42]; hip: -3.9% in the ATV/r group vs -3.4% in the DRV/r group [P = .36]) but were greater in the combined PI arms than in the RAL arm (spine: -3.8% vs -1.8% [P < .001]; hip: -3.7% vs -2.4% [P = .005]). In multivariable analyses, higher baseline concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and soluble CD14 were associated with greater total hip BMD loss, whereas markers of CD4(+) T-cell senescence and exhaustion (CD4(+)CD28(-)CD57(+)PD1(+)) and CD4(+) T-cell activation (CD4(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)) were associated with lumbar spine BMD loss.
conclusionsBMD losses 96 weeks after ART initiation were similar in magnitude among patients receiving PIs, ATV/r, or DRV/r but lowest among those receiving RAL. Inflammation and immune activation/senescence before ART initiation independently predicted subsequent BMD loss.
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