ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2015
Impact of Exogenous Galectin-9 on Human T Cells: CONTRIBUTION OF THE T CELL RECEPTOR COMPLEX TO ANTIGEN-INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION BUT NOT TO APOPTOSIS INDUCTION.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Galectin-9 expression correlates with therapeutic effect in rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Article
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Galectin-9 binding to HLA-DR in dendritic cells controls immune synapse formation and T cell proliferation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- TIM-3/Galectin-9 Immune Axis in Colorectal Cancer in Relation to KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1 Mutations, MSI Status, and the Cytokine Milieu.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Anti-Tumour Immunity Relies on Targeting Tissue Homeostasis Through Monocyte-Driven Responses Rather Than Direct Tumour Cytotoxicity.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Galectin-9 treatment is cytotoxic for B cell lymphoma by disrupting autophagy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis and in vivo validation of potential immune-related genes linked to diabetic nephropathy.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Adeno-associated virus delivered CXCL9 sensitizes glioblastoma to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Chemotherapy-induced intestinal epithelial damage directly promotes galectin-9-driven modulation of T cell behavior.iScience · 2024Article
- Suppression of B-Cell Activation by Human Cord Blood-Derived Stem Cells (CB-SCs) through the Galectin-9-Dependent Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma induce the emergence of mature regulatory dendritic cells using a galectin-9 dependent mechanism.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2023Article
- CXCL9 recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) virotherapy sensitizes glioblastoma (GBM) to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.Research square · 2023Article
- Galectin-9 has non-apoptotic cytotoxic activity toward acute myeloid leukemia independent of cytarabine resistance.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Depletion of polyfunctional CD26Experimental hematology & oncology · 2023Article
- Galectin-9 promotes natural killer cells activityFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Development and characterization of anti-galectin-9 antibodies that protect T cells from galectin-9-induced cell death.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Examining the Impact of Galectin-9 on Latent HIV Transcription.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Both N- and C-terminal domains of galectin-9 are capable of inducing HIV reactivation despite mediating differential immunomodulatory functionalities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectin-9 (gal-9) is a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding lectin, frequently released in the extracellular medium, where it acts as a pleiotropic immune modulator. Despite its overall immunosuppressive effects, a recent study has reported bimodal action of gal-9 on human resting blood T cells with apoptosis occurring in the majority of them, followed by a wave of activation and expansion of Th1 cells in the surviving population. Our knowledge of the signaling events triggered by exogenous gal-9 in T cells remains limited. One of these events is cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) release reported in some murine and human T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of Ca(2+) mobilization to apoptotic and nonapoptotic effects of exogenous gal-9 in human T cells. We found that the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex and the Lck kinase were required for Ca(2+) mobilization but not for apoptosis induction in Jurkat cells. These data were confirmed in human CD4(+) T cells from peripheral blood as follows: a specific Lck chemical inhibitor abrogated Ca(2+) mobilization but not apoptosis induction. Moreover, Lck activity was also required for the production of Th1-type cytokines, i.e. interleukin-2 and interferon-γ, which resulted from gal-9 stimulation in peripheral CD4(+) T cells. These findings indicate that gal-9 acts on T cells by two distinct pathways as follows: one mimicking antigen-specific activation of the TCR with a mandatory contribution of proximal elements of the TCR complex, especially Lck, and another resulting in apoptosis that is independent of this complex.
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