ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2015
Modulating the Immune Response Towards a Neuroregenerative Peri-injury Milieu After Cerebral Hemorrhage.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Treatment of Cerebral Hemorrhage with NaoXueShu Oral Liquid.BioMed research international · 2017Pooled it
- Targeting CD4⁺ T cell infiltration: mechanisms and therapeutic insights into CD4⁺ T cell transmigration across the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Neuroprotection After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Apoptosis, Neurogenesis, and Prospects of Stem Cell Therapy.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Immune cells in intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain hemorrhages · 2025Article
- SMARCC1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and reduces ferroptosis in lung cancer by activating FLOT1 transcription.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Long Noncoding RNA GAS5-Involved Progression of Neonatal Hydrocephalus and Inflammatory Responses.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of hydrocephalus after intraventricular haemorrhage: a review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Review
- Role of Neutrophils as Therapeutic Targets in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Shaping the next era of stroke treatment.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2023Article
- Recombinant Slit2 suppresses neuroinflammation and Cdc42-mediated brain infiltration of peripheral immune cells via Robo1-srGAP1 pathway in a rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Hydrocephalus is an independent factor affecting morbidity and mortality of ICH patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.World neurosurgery: X · 2023Review
- Lymphocyte-Related Immunomodulatory Therapy with Siponimod (BAF-312) Improves Outcomes in Mice with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Aging and disease · 2023Article
- Therapeutic strategies to recover ependymal barrier after inflammatory damage: relevance for recovering neurogenesis during development.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Effects of butyphthalide on microglia polarization after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of neuroinflammation in hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage: a review.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
- Regulatory T cells in ischemic stroke.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2022Review
- The hallmark and crosstalk of immune cells after intracerebral hemorrhage: Immunotherapy perspectives.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation of microglia polarization in intracerebral hemorrhage and its potential targets for intervention.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Microglia: The Hub of Intercellular Communication in Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- White matter injury but not germinal matrix hemorrhage induces elevated osteopontin expression in human preterm brains.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cerebral hemorrhages account for 15-20 % of stroke sub-types and have very poor prognoses. The mortality rate for cerebral hemorrhage patients is between 40 and 50 %, of which at least half of the deaths occur within the first 2 days, and 75 % of survivors are incapable of living independently after 1 year. Current emergency interventions involve lowering blood pressure and reducing intracranial pressure by controlled ventilations or, in the worst case scenarios, surgical intervention. Some hemostatic and coagulatherapeutic interventions are being investigated, although a few that were promising in experimental studies have failed in clinical trials. No significant immunomodulatory intervention, however, exists for clinical management of cerebral hemorrhage. The inflammatory response following cerebral hemorrhage is particularly harmful in the acute stage because blood-brain barrier disruption is amplified and surrounding tissue is destroyed by secreted proteases and reactive oxygen species from infiltrated leukocytes. In this review, we discuss both the destructive and regenerative roles the immune response play following cerebral hemorrhage and focus on microglia, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes as the primary agents directing the response. Microglia, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes each have sub-types that significantly influence the over-arching immune response towards either a pro-inflammatory, destructive, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative, state. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies of cerebral hemorrhages that selectively target these immune cells are reviewed and we suggest immunomodulatory therapies that reduce inflammation, while augmenting neural repair, will improve overall cerebral hemorrhage outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.