Observational studyPloS one2015
Diabetic foot complications and their risk factors from a large retrospective cohort study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 157 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predictors of Foot Amputation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers; A Retrospective Study From Pakistan
Platelet-Derived Growth Factors to Enhance Healing and Reduce Post-Extraction Complications in Smokers
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 443 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot ulcer in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of foot ulcers in diabetic patients in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes-A systematic review.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Wound assessment, imaging and monitoring systems in diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review.International wound journal · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2018Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of Novel Macrophage-Regulating Treatment for Wound Healing in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers From the Taiwan Health Care Sector Perspective.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Aberrant stromal tissue factor localisation and mycolactone-driven vascular dysfunction, exacerbated by IL-1β, are linked to fibrin formation in Buruli ulcer lesions.PLoS pathogens · 2022Trial
- Associations of Glycemic Control, Age, and Sex with Diabetic Foot Risk and Active Foot Ulceration among Patients with Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers in Nepal.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Management and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Complications Requiring Surgical Intervention at a Sudanese First-Level Hospital: A Prospective Clinical Audit.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Quality of life and health literacy in individuals with diabetes-related wounds.Acta diabetologica · 2026Observational
- Screening practices and risk factors for diabetic foot complications among patients with diabetes at a tertiary centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Misconceptions and health-seeking behavior among diabetic patients regarding foot ulcers: the hidden role of circulatory awareness in preventing amputation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mortality predictors and survival nomogram for hospitalized diabetic foot patients: a decade-long cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic predictors of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Psychological and Behavioral Adjustment in Patients with Non-Traumatic Lower Limb Amputation and Prosthesis: A Mixed-Method Triangulation Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Risk factors for development of diabetic foot ulcer disease in two large contemporary UK cohorts.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Urgency to treat and early optimized treatment in major depressive disorder: consequences of delayed treatment, barriers to implementation, and practical strategies for clinicians.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Establishing a clinical prediction model for diabetic foot ulcers in type 2 diabetic patients with lower extremity arteriosclerotic occlusion using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFoot complications are considered to be a serious consequence of diabetes mellitus, posing a major medical and economical threat. Identifying the extent of this problem and its risk factors will enable health providers to set up better prevention programs. Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR), being a large database source, would be the best tool to evaluate this problem.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional study of a cohort of 62,681 patients aged ≥ 25 years from SNDR database, selected for studying foot complications associated with diabetes and related risk factors.
resultsThe overall prevalence of diabetic foot complications was 3.3% with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of (3.16%-3.44%), whilst the prevalences of foot ulcer, gangrene, and amputations were 2.05% (1.94%-2.16%), 0.19% (0.16%-0.22%), and 1.06% (0.98%-1.14%), respectively. The prevalence of foot complications increased with age and diabetes duration predominantly amongst the male patients. Diabetic foot is more commonly seen among type 2 patients, although it is more prevalent among type 1 diabetic patients. The Univariate analysis showed Charcot joints, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), neuropathy, diabetes duration ≥ 10 years, insulin use, retinopathy, nephropathy, age ≥ 45 years, cerebral vascular disease (CVD), poor glycemic control, coronary artery disease (CAD), male gender, smoking, and hypertension to be significant risk factors with odds ratio and 95% CI at 42.53 (18.16-99.62), 14.47 (8.99-23.31), 12.06 (10.54-13.80), 7.22 (6.10-8.55), 4.69 (4.28-5.14), 4.45 (4.05-4.89), 2.88 (2.43-3.40), 2.81 (2.31-3.43), 2.24 (1.98-2.45), 2.02 (1.84-2.22), 1.54 (1.29-1.83), and 1.51 (1.38-1.65), respectively.
conclusionsRisk factors for diabetic foot complications are highly prevalent; they have put these complications at a higher rate and warrant primary and secondary prevention programs to minimize morbidity and mortality in addition to economic impact of the complications. Other measurements, such as decompression of lower extremity nerves, should be considered among diabetic patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.