ArticlePloS one2015
Magnitude and Predictors of Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) Failure in Private Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Virologic failure and its determinants among HIV patients progress towards the third 95% global target in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- HIV/AIDS treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopia: meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Incidence, survival, and risk factors for first-line antiretroviral therapy failure among adults on ART follow-up in health facilities in Southwest Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Predictors of longitudinal viral load suppression among adults receiving first line antiretroviral therapy in Central Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Magnitude and factors associated with virological failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective chart review.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Virological treatment failure and associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in West Hararghe, Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Population-Specific Predictors of Immunologic Reconstitution Following Initiation of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Children: A Retrospective Observational Study from a 15-Year Cohort of HIV-Positive Children and Adolescents in Eritrea.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Biological parameters determining the effectiveness of monitoring of HIV / AIDS infected patients in Morocco.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunological and virological discordance among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Designing a Predictive Model for Antiretroviral Regimen at the Antiretroviral Therapy Center in Chiro Hospital, Ethiopia.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Immunological Treatment Failure Among Adult Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2021Review
- Antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among HIV patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Sekota, northeast Ethiopia.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adults Living with HIV in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Article
- Factors Affecting Survival Rates Among Adult TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Increased Virological Failure and Determinants Among HIV Patients on Highly Active Retroviral Therapy in Adigrat General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Article
- Management of uncomplicated malaria in private health facilities in North-West Ethiopia: a clinical audit of current practices.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Determinants of first line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among adult patients on ART at central Ethiopia: un-matched case control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe public health approach to antiretroviral treatment management encourages the public private partnership in resource limited countries like Ethiopia. As a result, some private health facilities are accredited to provide antiretroviral treatment free services. Evidence on magnitude and predictors of treatment failure are crucial for timely actions. However, there are few studies in this regard.
objectiveTo assess the magnitude and predictors of ART failure in private health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
methodsThe study followed retrospective cohort design, with 525 adult antiretroviral treatment clients who started the treatment since October 2009 and have at least six months follow up until December 31, 2013. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used for analysis.
resultsTreatment failure, using the three WHO antiretroviral treatment failure criteria, was 19.8%. The immunologic, clinical, and virologic failures were 15%, 6.3% and 1.3% respectively. The mean and median survival times in months were 41.17 with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [39.69, 42.64] and 49.00, 95% CI [47.71, 50.29] respectively. The multivariate cox regression analysis showed years since HIV diagnosis (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR)=13.87 with 95% CI [6.65, 28.92]), disclosure (AHR=0.59, 95% CI [0.36, 0.96]), WHO stage at start (AHR=1.84, 95% CI [1.16, 2.93]), weight at baseline (AHR=0.58, 95% CI [0.38, 0.89]), and functionality status at last visit (AHR=2.57, 95% CI [1.59, 4.15]) were independent predictors of treatment failure.
conclusionThe study showed that the treatment failure is high among the study subjects. The predictors for antiretroviral treatment failure were years since HIV diagnosis, weight at start, WHO stage at start, status at last visit and disclosure. RECOMMENDATIONS: Facilities need to monitor antiretroviral treatment clients to avoid disease progression and drug resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.