ArticleOncotarget2015
Inhibition of thioredoxin 1 leads to apoptosis in drug-resistant multiple myeloma.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redox regulation of EGFR activation by thioredoxin reductase 3 drives resistance to EGFR inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- The Role of Se-Containing Glutathione Peroxidases and Thioredoxin Reductases in Oncogenesis: Expression Paradoxes and Therapeutic Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The role of antioxidants in multiple myeloma: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications: a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2026Review
- Article
- Integrated Bioinformatic Analyses Reveal Thioredoxin as a Putative Marker of Cancer Stem Cells and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer.Cancer informatics · 2025Article
- Leveraging a disulfidptosis-based signature to characterize heterogeneity and optimize treatment in multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Emerging role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in myeloid cell lineage development and acute myeloid leukemia.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Tigecycline Opposes Bortezomib Effect on Myeloma Cells Decreasing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Pinostilbene and Bortezomib Combination Treatment on Human Multiple Myeloma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Combined thioredoxin reductase and glutaminase inhibition exerts synergistic anti-tumor activity in MYC-high high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Ex vivo propagation in a novel 3D high-throughput co-culture system for multiple myeloma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Upgrade of an old drug: Auranofin in innovative cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness.Medicinal research reviews · 2022Review
- Modulation of Cellular Redox Parameters for Improving Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Role of the Thioredoxin Detoxification System in Cancer Progression and Resistance.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Thioredoxin-dependent system. Application of inhibitors.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2021Review
- Cytotoxic and radiosensitising effects of a novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor in breast cancer.Investigational new drugs · 2021Article
- Review
- Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a dynamic duo in multiple myeloma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the aberrant accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite recent advancement in anti-myeloma treatment, MM remains an incurable disease. This study showed higher intrinsic oxidative stress and higher Trx1 and TrxR1 protein levels in MM cells compared to normal cells. Drug-induced Trx1 (PX-12) and TrxR1 (Auranofin) inhibition disrupted redox homeostasis resulting in ROS-induced apoptosis in MM cells and a reduction in clonogenic activity. Knockdown of either Trx1 or TrxR1 reduced MM cell viability. Trx1 inhibition by PX-12 sensitized MM cells to undergo apoptosis in response to the NF-κβ inhibitors, BAY 11-7082 and curcumin. PX-12 treatment decreased the expression of the NF-κβ subunit p65 in MM cells. Bortezomib-resistant MM cells contained higher Trx1 protein levels compared to the parental cells and PX-12 treatment resulted in apoptosis. Thus, increased Trx1 enhances MM cell growth and survival and exerts resistance to NF-κβ inhibitors. Therefore inhibiting the thioredoxin system may be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory MM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.