ArticleKidney international2015
Comparative risk of renal, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes in controlled, uncontrolled resistant, and nonresistant hypertension.
Article in Kidney international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03535532 (Effectiveness Comparison of Medical Treatment and Unilateral Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Resistant Hypertension in Patients Concomitant With Adrenal Diseases), which is not on this map. Cited by 125 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness Comparison of Medical Treatment and Unilateral Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Resistant Hypertension in Patients Concomitant With Adrenal Diseases: A Prospective, Multi-Center, Open-Labeled, Randomized Clinical Trial.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Investigation and management of resistant hypertension: British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Guideline
- Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2018Guideline
- Pharmacogenomics-Guided Precision Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease with Resistant Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Trial
- Prevalence and clinical outcomes of patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension enrolled in Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Trial
- Organ damage changes in patients with resistant hypertension randomized to renal denervation or spironolactone: The DENERVHTA (Denervación en Hipertensión Arterial) study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Trial
- Spironolactone versus sympathetic renal denervation to treat true resistant hypertension: results from the DENERVHTA study - a randomized controlled trial.Journal of hypertension · 2016Trial
- An Early Value Assessment of Biomarker-Guided Precision Medicine for Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: A Headroom and Threshold Analysis.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Resistant Hypertension Variants Link to Hyperaldosteronism and Potassium Levels.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Leveraging the Electronic Health Record to Identify and Manage Resistant Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Aldosterone-targeted Therapy after Primary Aldosteronism Testing in Resistant Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Resistant Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Characterizing Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in a Hypertension Population Within the State of Florida Using Electronic Health Record-Based Data.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- GWAS and Replication Analysis of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Review
- Impact of Obesity on Patients with Resistant and Refractory Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Article
- The Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Treatment of Primary Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We sought to compare the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), ischemic heart event (IHE), congestive heart failure (CHF), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and all-cause mortality among 470,386 individuals with resistant and nonresistant hypertension (non-RH). Resistant hypertension (60,327 individuals) was subcategorized into two groups: 23,104 patients with cRH (controlled on four or more medicines) and 37,223 patients with uRH (uncontrolled on three or more medicines) in a 5-year retrospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and comorbidities. Resistant hypertension (cRH and uRH), compared with non-RH, had multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.32 (1.27-1.37), 1.24 (1.20-1.28), 1.46 (1.40-1.52), 1.14 (1.10-1.19), and 1.06 (1.03-1.08) for ESRD, IHE, CHF, CVA, and mortality, respectively. Comparison of uRH with cRH had hazard ratios of 1.25 (1.18-1.33), 1.04 (0.99-1.10), 0.94 (0.89-1.01), 1.23 (1.14-1.31), and 1.01 (0.97-1.05) for ESRD, IHE, CHF, CVA, and mortality, respectively. Men and Hispanics had a greater risk for ESRD within all three cohorts. Individuals with resistant hypertension had a greater risk for ESRD, IHE, CHF, CVA, and mortality. The risk of ESRD and CVA were 25% and 23% greater, respectively, in uRH compared with cRH, supporting the linkage between blood pressure and both outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.