ReviewMediators of inflammation2015
Inflammatory response mechanisms exacerbating hypoxemia in coexistent pulmonary fibrosis and sleep apnea.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Sleep Disturbance Enhances Inflammation and Collagen Production in Neural- and Myofascial Tissues in Uninjured Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in pulmonary fibrosis: from brain network alterations to inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Risk factors for hypoxia during general anesthesia bronchoscopy: a retrospective single-center cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the causal relationship between plasma proteins and obstructive sleep apnea: a study using genome-wide Mendelian randomization, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and network pharmacology.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis clinical outcomes.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Protein Acylation Modifications in Sleep Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Association between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-national analysis from global, US, and Chinese populations.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Exploring the Influence of Metabolic Changes in Fibrotic Lung Diseases.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Review
- Evaluating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Utilizing Arterial Tonometry in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical significance of serum interleukin-4, interleukin-12, interleukin-13, and transforming growth factor-β levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- The Role of Cytokines and Molecular Pathways in Lung Fibrosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Physiopathologic (Re)view.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Longitudinal Changes in Interstitial Lung Imaging and Lung Function: The MESA Study.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: A Step Forward.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Article
- Outcomes of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Improve with Obesity: A Rural Appalachian Experience.Southern medical journal · 2021Observational
- Polydatin prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad/ERK signaling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- CPAP Adherence, Mortality, and Progression-Free Survival in Interstitial Lung Disease and OSA.Chest · 2020Observational
- Biological Network Model of Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Spermatogenesis in Rats.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Obesity is a risk factor for preoperative hypoxemia in Stanford A acute aortic dissection.Medicine · 2020Article
- Identification of serum exosomal microRNAs in acute spinal cord injured rats.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2019Article
- Decreased Ambient Oxygen Tension Alters the Expression of Endothelin-1, iNOS and cGMP in Rat Alveolar Macrophages.International journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mediators of inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemoattractants drive the hypoxemic mechanisms that accompany pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis commonly have obstructive sleep apnea, which potentiates the hypoxic stimuli for oxidative stress, culminating in systemic inflammation and generalized vascular endothelial damage. Comorbidities like pulmonary hypertension, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction contribute to chronic hypoxemia leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that may propagate clinical deterioration and alter the pulmonary fibrotic pathway. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), interleukin- (IL-) 1α, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC-1, CINC-2α/β), lipopolysaccharide induced CXC chemokine (LIX), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG-1), macrophage inflammatory protein- (MIP-) 1α, MIP-3α, and nuclear factor- (NF-) κB appear to mediate disease progression. Adipocytes may induce hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α production; GERD is associated with increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); pulmonary artery myocytes often exhibit increased cytosolic free Ca2+. Protein kinase C (PKC) mediated upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β also occurs in the pulmonary arteries. Increased understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms driving hypoxemia in pulmonary fibrosis and obstructive sleep apnea may potentiate the identification of appropriate therapeutic targets for developing effective therapies.
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