SynthesisAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2015
A Meta-analysis of the Association of Estimated GFR, Albuminuria, Age, Race, and Sex With Acute Kidney Injury.
Synthesis in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health inequalities and outcomes following acute kidney injury: a systematic review & meta-analyses of observational studies.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury after cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a meta-analysis and systematic review.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Noninvasive diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the role of Artificial Intelligence in Acute Kidney Injury management: a comprehensive review and future research agenda.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Pooled it
- Preoperative proteinuria may be a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury：a meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2021Pooled it
- Rates, predictors, and mortality of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- The Japanese clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury 2016.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2018Guideline
- Serum potassium and adverse outcomes across the range of kidney function: a CKD Prognosis Consortium meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of a Primary Care CKD Registry in a US Public Safety-Net Health Care Delivery System: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2018Trial
- Physician-Pharmacist Collaborative Management: Narrowing the Socioeconomic Blood Pressure Gap.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2016Trial
- Incidence, time trends and predictors of acute kidney injury in the region of Stockholm, Sweden.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Redox-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Common Pathogenic Axis in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Seasonality of acute kidney injury incidence in Japanese outpatients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of donor's acute kidney injury on graft outcomes of deceased donor kidney transplantation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on NSAID-associated acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetes: a claims-based cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Na/K-ATPase in the renal proximal tubule cell: classic & novel roles in sodium handling.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Machine learning studies of drug-induced nephrotoxicity: a scoping review.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- The prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in post-orthopedic surgery patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Methodological Considerations on the Longitudinal Analysis of Polymyxin B‑Induced Kidney Injury [Letter].Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 13 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious global public health problem. We aimed to quantify the risk of AKI associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria (albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR]), age, sex, and race (African American and white). STUDY
designCollaborative meta-analysis. SETTING & POPULATION: 8 general-population cohorts (1,285,049 participants) and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohorts (79,519 participants). SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Available eGFR, ACR, and 50 or more AKI events. PREDICTORS: Age, sex, race, eGFR, urine ACR, and interactions. OUTCOME: Hospitalized with or for AKI, using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs of AKI and random-effects meta-analysis to pool results.
results16,480 (1.3%) general-population cohort participants had AKI over a mean follow-up of 4 years; 2,087 (2.6%) CKD participants had AKI over a mean follow-up of 1 year. Lower eGFR and higher ACR were strongly associated with AKI. Compared with eGFR of 80mL/min/1.73m(2), the adjusted HR of AKI at eGFR of 45mL/min/1.73m(2) was 3.35 (95% CI, 2.75-4.07). Compared with ACR of 5mg/g, the risk of AKI at ACR of 300mg/g was 2.73 (95% CI, 2.18-3.43). Older age was associated with higher risk of AKI, but this effect was attenuated with lower eGFR or higher ACR. Male sex was associated with higher risk of AKI, with a slight attenuation in lower eGFR but not in higher ACR. African Americans had higher AKI risk at higher levels of eGFR and most levels of ACR. LIMITATIONS: Only 2 general-population cohorts could contribute to analyses by race; AKI identified by diagnostic code.
conclusionsReduced eGFR and increased ACR are consistent strong risk factors for AKI, whereas associations of AKI with age, sex, and race may be weaker in more advanced stages of CKD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.