A CT60G>A polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene of the recipient may confer susceptibility to acute graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

T cell activation plays a crucial role in the development of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD). Cytotoxic T cell antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a co-inhibitory molecule that negatively regulates T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CTLA-4 gene may affect its function. Inconsistent observations have been reported regarding the associations of CTLA-4 SNPs with complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Moreover, the majority of the observations were focused on the donors' SNPs. Recently, a few studies have shown that recipients' genetic variations in the CTLA-4 gene might influence HSCT results. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms of the donors and the recipients on the outcome of HSCT. Altogether, 312 donor-recipient pairs were genotyped for the CTLA-4c.49A>G (rs231775) and CT60G>A (rs3087243) SNPs using the TaqMan®SNP Genotyping Assays. In this study, it was shown that the recipients' CT60G>A[GG] genotype, the myeloablative conditioning regimen, and HSCT from an unrelated donor were independent aGvHD risk factors (odds ratio (OR) 2.63, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.45-4.59, p = 0.001; OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.65-4.07, p = 0.00003; and OR 1.87, 95 % CI 1.02-3.24, p = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, haplotype analysis revealed that possessing allele A in both of the SNPs decreased the risk of aGvHD approximately 1.5-fold (RR 0.69, p = 0.008). Our data suggest that the CT60G>A[GG] genotype in the recipient has an impact on aGvHD development, especially in patients receiving transplants from unrelated donors together with the myeloablative conditioning regimen.