ReviewOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2015
Presentation and management of osteoporosis presenting in association with pregnancy or lactation.
Review in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy and Lactation Associated Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review.Calcified tissue international · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative Effectiveness of Therapeutic Interventions in Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Lumbar spine bone mineral density in women breastfeeding for a period of 4 to 6 months: systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Pooled it
- Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis with vertebral fractures: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Pooled it
- How does women's bone health recover after lactation? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Pooled it
- No effect of maternal calcium intake and bone resorption during pregnancy on offspring bone mineral density at age 5 years.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Trial
- Bilateral transient osteoporosis of the hip with asynchronous onset during pregnancy: a case report.Case reports in women's health · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: insights from an online self-reported patient survey.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- BMD in Transient Osteoporosis and Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome: A Scoping Review.Journal of osteoporosis · 2026Review
- Effective management of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis using romosozumab: a clinical case report.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and Lactation Associated Bone Fragility.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Cracking the Case: Post-pregnancy Bilateral Femoral Fragility, a Rare Clinical Challenge.Cureus · 2025Article
- [Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: risk factors and treatment].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Article
- Ultrasonographic examination of the maturational effect of maternal vitamin D use on fetal clavicle bone development.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Nutritional status of iron and vitamin D in postpartum women in northern Taiwan.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Identifying risk factors for pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: insights from an Italian survey in PLAO patients and controls.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Osteoporosis: Causes, Mechanisms, Treatment and Prevention: Role of Dietary Compounds.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Isolated quadrilateral plate fracture with central hip dislocation after epileptic seizure in a postpartum patient: A case report.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2024Article
- Is your system fit for purpose? Female athlete health considerations for rugby injury and illness surveillance systems.European journal of sport science · 2024Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology of fragility fractures that occur for the first time during pregnancy and lactation, and provide guidance on appropriate investigations and treatment strategies. Most affected women will have had no prior bone density reading, and so the extent of bone loss that may have occurred during pregnancy or lactation is uncertain. During pregnancy, intestinal calcium absorption doubles in order to meet the fetal demand for calcium, but if maternal intake of calcium is insufficient to meet the combined needs of the mother and baby, the maternal skeleton will undergo resorption during the third trimester. During lactation, several hormonal changes, independent of maternal calcium intake, program a 5-10 % loss of trabecular mineral content in order to provide calcium to milk. After weaning the baby, the maternal skeleton is normally restored to its prior mineral content and strength. This physiological bone resorption during reproduction does not normally cause fractures; instead, women who do fracture are more likely to have additional secondary causes of bone loss and fragility. Transient osteoporosis of the hip may affect one or both femoral heads during pregnancy but it involves localized edema and not skeletal resorption. Case reports have described the use of calcitonin, bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, teriparatide, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty to treat post-partum vertebral fractures. However, the need for such treatments is uncertain given that a progressive increase in bone mass subsequently occurs in most women who present with a fracture during pregnancy or lactation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.