ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2015
Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The biological function and research progress of the adipokine chemerin in tumorigenesis and development.Journal of Cancer · 2025Review
- Targeting Proliferating Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages Facilitates Spatial Redistribution of CD8Cancers · 2022Article
- Breast cancer cell debris diminishes therapeutic efficacy through heme oxygenase-1-mediated inactivation of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Triple Immunotherapy Overcomes Immune Evasion by Tumor in a Melanoma Mouse Model.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Article
- Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Regulates Immune Cell Migration into Melanoma.Translational oncology · 2019Article
- Review
- Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in breast tumor epithelium protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulates the tumor microenvironment.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Article
- Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- A CTLA-4 Antagonizing DNA Aptamer with Antitumor Effect.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2017Article
- Circadian disruption promotes tumor growth by anabolic host metabolism; experimental evidence in a rat model.BMC cancer · 2017Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Growth Inhibition by Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes.Cancer growth and metastasis · 2017Article
- A Novel PD-L1-targeting Antagonistic DNA Aptamer With Antitumor Effects.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Specialized immune cells that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment regulate the growth and survival of neoplasia. Malignant cells must elude or subvert anti-tumor immune responses in order to survive and flourish. Tumors take advantage of a number of different mechanisms of immune "escape," including the recruitment of tolerogenic DC, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that inhibit cytotoxic anti-tumor responses. Conversely, anti-tumor effector immune cells can slow the growth and expansion of malignancies: immunostimulatory dendritic cells, natural killer cells which harbor innate anti-tumor immunity, and cytotoxic T cells all can participate in tumor suppression. The balance between pro- and anti-tumor leukocytes ultimately determines the behavior and fate of transformed cells; a multitude of human clinical studies have borne this out. Thus, detailed analysis of leukocyte subsets within the tumor microenvironment has become increasingly important. Here, we describe a method for analyzing infiltrating leukocyte subsets present in the tumor microenvironment in a mouse tumor model. Mouse B16 melanoma tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice. At a specified time, tumors and surrounding skin were resected en bloc and processed into single cell suspensions, which were then stained for multi-color flow cytometry. Using a variety of leukocyte subset markers, we were able to compare the relative percentages of infiltrating leukocyte subsets between control and chemerin-expressing tumors. Investigators may use such a tool to study the immune presence in the tumor microenvironment and when combined with traditional caliper size measurements of tumor growth, will potentially allow them to elucidate the impact of changes in immune composition on tumor growth. Such a technique can be applied to any tumor model in which the tumor and its microenvironment can be resected and processed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.