ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2015
Nanoparticulate STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 374 citations in OpenAlex.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Therapeutic targeting of the cGAS-STING pathway in human disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Multifunctional nanotherapeutics for tumor microenvironment modulation in solid tumor therapy.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Rewiring the immune circuit: programming tumor-draining lymph node immunity with nanotechnology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- The magnitude and durability of neutralizing antibody responses to human papillomavirus vaccine do not depend on DNA sensing pathways.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Precision targeting of STING: Challenges, innovations, and clinical outlook for cancer therapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- CD169Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Emerging Role of Nanocarrier-Based Delivery Systems for cGAS-STING Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Next-generation nanomedicine for cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Advancements in Nanomedicine for Precision Management of Lymphoma: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- The magnitude and durability of neutralizing antibody responses to human papillomavirus vaccine do not depend on DNA sensing pathways.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle Delivery of Alu RNA Adjuvants Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Combined cancer immunotherapy with lipid nanoparticle delivery of oligo-based cGAS-agonistic adjuvant and peptide or mRNA vaccines.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- KRAS mRNA Spleen-Targeting Lipid Nanoparticles Synergize with Irinotecan Silicasomes to Robustly Augment the Cancer Immunity Cycle in Pancreatic Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- Progress Update on STING Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Production of novel theranostic nano-vector based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/miR-497 targeting colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are agonists of stimulator of IFN genes (STING) and have potential as vaccine adjuvants. However, cyclic di-GMP (cdGMP) injected s.c. shows minimal uptake into lymphatics/draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and instead is rapidly distributed to the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation. Here, we encapsulated cdGMP within PEGylated lipid nanoparticles (NP-cdGMP) to redirect this adjuvant to dLNs. Compared with unformulated CDNs, encapsulation blocked systemic dissemination and markedly enhanced dLN accumulation in murine models. Delivery of NP-cdGMP increased CD8+ T cell responses primed by peptide vaccines and enhanced therapeutic antitumor immunity. A combination of a poorly immunogenic liposomal HIV gp41 peptide antigen and NP-cdGMP robustly induced type I IFN in dLNs, induced a greater expansion of vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells, and greatly increased germinal center B cell differentiation in dLNs compared with a combination of liposomal HIV gp41 and soluble CDN. Further, NP-cdGMP promoted durable antibody titers that were substantially higher than those promoted by the well-studied TLR agonist monophosphoryl lipid A and comparable to a much larger dose of unformulated cdGMP, without the systemic toxicity of the latter. These results demonstrate that nanoparticulate delivery safely targets CDNs to the dLNs and enhances the efficacy of this adjuvant. Moreover, this approach can be broadly applied to other small-molecule immunomodulators of interest for vaccines and immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.