Trial reportPloS one2015
Effect of Breastfeeding Promotion on Early Childhood Caries and Breastfeeding Duration among 5 Year Old Children in Eastern Uganda: A Cluster Randomized Trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00397150 (PROMISE EBF), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PROMISE EBF: Promoting Infant Health and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Safety and Efficacy of Exclusive Breastfeeding Promotion in the Era of HIV
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Africa: A Systematic Review.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Do clinical caries-preventive interventions applied to expectant mothers affect caries-related parameters in their children? A systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Iranian early childhood dental caries: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Exclusive Breastfeeding Promotion Interventions on Child Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Child saliva microbiota and caries: a randomized controlled maternal education trial in rural Uganda.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Review Regarding the Impact of Breastfeeding on Early Childhood Caries.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dental caries and associated factors among preschool children in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- The prevalence and socio-behavioural and clinical covariates of oral health related quality of life in Ugandan mothers with and without HIV-1.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2021Article
- Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential.Journal of dental research · 2020Article
- Caries experience and oral health related quality of life in a cohort of Ugandan HIV-1 exposed uninfected children compared with a matched cohort of HIV unexposed uninfected children.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Is There an Association between Breastfeeding and Dental Caries among Three-Year-Old Australian Aboriginal Children?Nutrients · 2019Observational
- Prevalence and Treatment Needs for Early Childhood Caries Among 3-5-Year-Old Children From a Rural Community in Uganda.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Feeding frequency in infancy and dental caries in childhood: a prospective cohort study.International dental journal · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough several studies have shown short term health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), its long term consequences have not been studied extensively in low-income contexts. This study assessed the impact of an EBF promotion initiative for 6 months on early childhood caries (ECC) and breastfeeding duration in children aged 5 years in Mbale, Eastern Uganda.
methodsParticipants were recruited from the Ugandan site of the PROMISE- EBF cluster randomised trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00397150). A total of 765 pregnant women from 24 clusters were included in the ratio 1:1 to receive peer counselled promotion of EBF as the intervention or standard of care. At the 5 year follow-up, ECC was recorded under field conditions using the World Health Organization's decayed missing filled tooth (dmft) index. Adjusted negative binomial and linear regression were used in the analysis.
resultsMean breastfeeding duration in the intervention and control groups (n=417) were 21.8 (CI 20.7-22.9) and 21.3(CI 20.7-21.9) months, respectively. The mean dmft was 1.5 (standard deviation [SD] 2.9) and 1.7 (SD 2.9) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Corresponding prevalence estimates of ECC were 38% and 41%. Negative binomial regression analysis adjusted for cluster effects and loss-to-follow-up by inverse probability weights (IPW) showed an incidence-rate ratio (IRR) of 0.91 (95% CI 0.65-1.2). Comparing the effect of the trial arm on breastfeeding duration showed a difference in months of 0.48 (-0.72 to 1.7).
conclusionPROMISE EBF trial did not impact on early childhood caries or breastfeeding duration at 5 years of age. This study contributes to the body of evidence that promotion of exclusive breastfeeding does not raise oral health concerns. However, the high burden of caries calls for efforts to improve the oral health condition in this setting.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00397150.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.