Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25938514›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of PLGA Microspheres Containing Nalmefene.

Xiangyang Xie, Wen Lin, Chuanfeng Xing, Yanfang Yang, Qiang Chi, Hui Zhang, Ying Li, Zhiping Li, Yang Yang, Zhenbo Yang and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) development for long-acting injectable drug products based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide).Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Xiangyang XieDepartment of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, PR China.
Wen LinDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei province, Huangshi, PR China.
Chuanfeng XingDalian Merro Pharmaceutical Factory, Dalian, PR China.
Yanfang YangBeijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical college, Beijing, PR China.
Qiang ChiDepartment of Pharmacy, The 215th Clinic of 406th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, PR China.
Hui ZhangDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
Ying LiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
Zhiping LiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
Yang YangDepartment of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
Zhenbo YangDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
Mingyuang LiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNChinese People's Liberation Army · CNGeneral Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command · CNHuangshi Central Hospital · CNWuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou · CN

Funding

Wellcome Trust FC001039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poor patient compliance, untoward reactions and unstable blood drug levels after the bolus administration are impeding the pharmacotherapy for insobriety. A long-acting preparation may address these limitations. The aim of this paper was to further investigate the in vitro characteristics and in vivo performances of nalmefene microspheres. Nalmefene was blended with poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to prepare the target microspheres by an O/O emulsification solvent evaporation method. The prepared microspheres exhibited a controlled release profile of nalmefene in vitro over 4 weeks, which was well fitted with a first-order model. In vitro degradation study showed that the drug release in vitro was dominated by both drug diffusion and polymer degradation mechanisms. Pharmacokinetics study indicated that the prepared microspheres could provide a relatively constant of nalmefene plasma concentration for at least one month in rats. The in vivo pharmacokinetics profile was well correlated with the in vitro drug release. Pharmacodynamics studies revealed that the drug loaded microspheres could produce a long-acting antagonism efficacy on rats. These results demonstrated the promising application of injectable PLGA microspheres containing nalmefene for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersMicrospheresAnimalsDrug LiberationFemaleGuinea PigsLactic AcidMaleMaterials TestingMiceNaltrexoneParticle SizePolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerRatsDrug CarriersLactic AcidnalmefeneNaltrexonePolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer

Identifiers

PMID25938514
PMCPMC4418713
OpenAlexW1586108752

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.