Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25935728›Full record

ReviewHormones and behavior2015

Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cognition.

Anna C McCarrey, Susan M Resnick

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Hormones and behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Long-term Effects on Cognitive Trajectories of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in Two Age Groups.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2017
    Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of [Molecular imaging and biology · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Cardiovascular risk and midlife cognitive decline in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anna C McCarreyLaboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. Electronic address: anna.mccarrey@nih.gov.
Susan M ResnickLaboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. Electronic address: resnicks@mail.nih.gov.
National Institute on Aging · US

Funding

Women's Health Initiative Suite of Studies - Extension StudyZIAAG000190 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RESNICK, SUSAN · 2009 to 2024
$1.5M
Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging - Extension StudyZ01AG000190 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RESNICK, SUSAN · 2008 to 2008
$194k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and cognition". Prior to the publication of findings from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in 2002, estrogen-containing hormone therapy (HT) was used to prevent age-related disease, especially cardiovascular disease, and to treat menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and sleep disruptions. Some observational studies of HT in midlife and aging women suggested that HT might also benefit cognitive function, but randomized clinical trials have produced mixed findings in terms of health and cognitive outcomes. This review focuses on hormone effects on cognition and risk for dementia in naturally menopausal women as well as surgically induced menopause, and highlights findings from the large-scale WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) which, contrary to expectation, showed increased dementia risk and poorer cognitive outcomes in older postmenopausal women randomized to HT versus placebo. We consider the 'critical window hypothesis', which suggests that a window of opportunity may exist shortly after menopause during which estrogen treatments are most effective. In addition, we highlight emerging evidence that potential adverse effects of HT on cognition are most pronounced in women who have other health risks, such as lower global cognition or diabetes. Lastly, we point towards implications for future research and clinical treatments.

Indexed as

AgingCognitionEstrogen Replacement TherapyEstrogens, Conjugated (USP)FemaleHumansMemoryMenopause, PrematureOvariectomyPostmenopauseEstrogens, Conjugated (USP)AgingCognitionEstrogenHormone therapyMenopause

Identifiers

PMID25935728
PMCPMC4573348
OpenAlexW1970006005

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.