Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25930686›Full record

ReviewAnaerobe2015

Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: From colonization to cure.

Kelsey Shields, Roger V Araujo-Castillo, Thimmaiah G Theethira, Carolyn D Alonso, Ciaran P Kelly

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Anaerobe, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Real-world use of bezlotoxumab to prevent recurrentTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Reviewing theMicroorganisms · 2024
    Review
  14. Immunization Strategies Against Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rates and Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kelsey ShieldsDivision of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: ksshield@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Roger V Araujo-CastilloDivision of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Lowry Medical Office Building, Suite GB 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: raraujo@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Thimmaiah G TheethiraDivision of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: ttheethi@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Carolyn D AlonsoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Lowry Medical Office Building, Suite GB 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: calonso@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Ciaran P KellyDivision of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: ckelly2@bidmc.harvard.edu.

Funding

Shigella Live Vector-Based Multivalent VaccineU19AI109776 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI SZTEIN, MARCELO B. · 2014 to 2018
$25.4M
RESEARCH TRAINING IN GASTROENTEROLOGYT32DK007760 · NIDDK · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI KELLY, CIARAN P · 1999 to 2019
$4.6M
Combination Clostridium Difficile Toxin and Adhesin VaccineR01AI095256 · NIAID · AARON DIAMOND AIDS RESEARCH CENTER · PI HO, DAVID D, KELLY, CIARAN P · 2012 to 2015
$1.3M
Combination Clostridium Difficile Toxin and Adhesin VaccineR56AI095256 · NIAID · AARON DIAMOND AIDS RESEARCH CENTER · PI HO, DAVID D, KELLY, CIARAN P · 2011 to 2011
$742k
Ultrasensitive quantitative digital ELISA for C. difficile toxins in stoolR21AI103612 · NIAID · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI POLLOCK, NIRA · 2013 to 2014
$488k
Toxemia and systemic disease in Clostridium difficile infectionR56AI099458 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI FENG, HANPING · 2013 to 2013
$388k
NIAID NIH HHS AI 095256NIAID NIH HHS AI 099458NIAID NIH HHS AI 103612NIAID NIH HHS AI 109776NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI095256NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI103612NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI095256NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI099458NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI109776NIDDK NIH HHS DK 07760NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007760
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly prevalent, dangerous and challenging to prevent and manage. Despite intense national and international attention the incidence of primary and of recurrent CDI (PCDI and RCDI, respectively) have risen rapidly throughout the past decade. Of major concern is the increase in cases of RCDI resulting in substantial morbidity, morality and economic burden. RCDI management remains challenging as there is no uniformly effective therapy, no firm consensus on optimal treatment, and reliable data regarding RCDI-specific treatment options is scant. Novel therapeutic strategies are critically needed to rapidly, accurately, and effectively identify and treat patients with, or at-risk for, RCDI. In this review we consider the factors implicated in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation of RCDI, evaluate current management options for RCDI and explore novel and emerging therapies.

Indexed as

Carrier StateClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsHumansIncidenceRecurrenceRisk FactorsAntibioticFecal microbiota therapyInfection controlInfectious diarrheaNosocomial infectionToxin

Identifiers

PMID25930686
PMCPMC4492812

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.