Trial reportThe American journal on addictions2015
Validity and reliability of the Internalized Stigma of Smoking Inventory: An exploration of shame, isolation, and discrimination in smokers with mental health diagnoses.
Trial report in The American journal on addictions, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- COSMIN systematic review of stigma measurement in smoking, COPD, and lung cancer: content analysis, language audit, and psychometrics.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Stigma in substance-based and behavioural addictions: A systematic review.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence-based core information for health communication of tobacco control: The effect of smoking on risks of female disease.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Attitudes about smoking cessation treatment, intention to quit, and cessation treatment utilization among young adult smokers with severe mental illnesses.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- Stigma toward female smokers: gendered perceptions and moral judgment.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Impacts of stigma and discrimination on people with obesity who smoke cigarettes.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Smoking Discrimination Moderates the Relationship between Smoking Stigma and Cigarettes Per Day among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Article
- Patterns and Challenges in Help-Seeking for Addiction among Men: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Substance use stigma: A systematic review of measures and their psychometric properties.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Review
- Does Ostracism Help Smokers Quit?Stigma and health · 2024Article
- Smoking Dependence, Time-Discounting, and Sustained Cessation Behavior: A Longitudinal Study of Predominantly Light Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- A theory-informed deep learning approach to extracting and characterizing substance use-related stigma in social media.BMC digital health · 2024Article
- Resistance to anti-smoking messages related to the higher smoking stigma of Korean female smokers.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- A pilot cross-sectional investigation of chronic shame as a mediator of the relationship between subjective social status and self-rated health among middle-aged adults.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of Loneliness on Functioning in Lung Cancer Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- The association between lung cancer stigma and race: A descriptive correlational study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesDe-normalization of smoking as a public health strategy may create shame and isolation in vulnerable groups unable to quit. To examine the nature and impact of smoking stigma, we developed the Internalized Stigma of Smoking Inventory (ISSI), tested its validity and reliability, and explored factors that may contribute to smoking stigma.
methodsWe evaluated the ISSI in a sample of smokers with mental health diagnoses (N = 956), using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and assessed construct validity.
resultsResults reduced the ISSI to eight items with three subscales: smoking self-stigma related to shame, felt stigma related to social isolation, and discrimination experiences. Discrimination was the most commonly endorsed of the three subscales. A multivariate generalized linear model predicted 21-30% of the variance in the smoking stigma subscales. Self-stigma was greatest among those intending to quit; felt stigma was highest among those experiencing stigma in other domains, namely ethnicity and mental illness-based; and smoking-related discrimination was highest among women, Caucasians, and those with more education. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionSmoking stigma may compound stigma experiences in other areas. Aspects of smoking stigma in the domains of shame, isolation, and discrimination were related to modeled stigma responses, particularly readiness to quit and cigarette addiction, and were found to be more salient for groups where tobacco use is least prevalent. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The ISSI measure is useful for quantifying smoking-related stigma in multiple domains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.