ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health1989
Confounding variables in studying the effects of maternal alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 1989. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and Patterns of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Australian Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies: A Systematic Review of Data Collection Approaches.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Is there a fetal effect with low to moderate alcohol use before or during pregnancy?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 1990Trial
- Racial disparities in reported prenatal care advice from health care providers.American journal of public health · 1994Article
- The association of low socio-economic status in metropolitan Adelaide with maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics and pregnancy outcome.European journal of epidemiology · 1992Article
- Does maternal tobacco smoking modify the effect of alcohol on fetal growth?American journal of public health · 1991Article
- Alcohol use in pregnancy, craniofacial features, and fetal growth.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 1990Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveto investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and pregnancy outcome.
designprospective randomised cohort survey with follow up sample stratified on level of alcohol intake.
settingantenatal clinic of large maternity hospital in Western Australia.
participants2002 randomly selected pregnant women recruited over 3 year period for questionnaire survey (58% in 1st trimester, 33% in 2nd trimester, 8% in third trimester at recruitment). Only 19 refused participation. Stratified subsample of 665 women followed up, of whom 60 had miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death. Subsample was selected on basis of prepregnancy alcohol consumption. INVESTIGATIONS AND MAIN
resultsAll 2002 women completed a comprehensive questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, health (including diet) and obstetric factors. The stratified subsample was followed through pregnancy and data were collected on obstetric course and infant outcome. Results showed that beer, wine and spirits drinkers differed significantly in maternal characteristics, nutrition and other important variables such as smoking. Women with stillbirths or miscarriages drank more beer than those with live births, though total levels of alcohol intake did not differ. Beer drinkers were less likely to reduce their consumption in pregnancy than other drinkers if they also smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day.
conclusionsStudies of effects of maternal drinking must include extensive information on the variables examined in this study or conclusions relating to maternal drinking in pregnancy are likely to be invalid.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.