Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25928792›Full record

Trial reportTrials2015

DEFENS - Drug Exposure Feedback and Education for Nurses' Safety: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Christopher R Friese, Kari Mendelsohn-Victor, Bo Wen, Duxin Sun, Kathleen Sutcliffe, James J Yang, David L Ronis, Marjorie C McCullagh, DEFENS Study Investigators

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Trials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02283164 (Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Oncology Nurses' Protective Equipment Use), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02283164 nacompletednot on this map

Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Oncology Nurses' Protective Equipment Use

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MichiganRan2015 to 2019Enrolled396ConditionsOccupational Health, Hazardous Material HandlingArmsHazardous materials online education and study feedback
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Lessons Learned From a Practice-Based, Multisite Intervention Study With Nurse Participants.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2017
    Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher R FrieseUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, #4162, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. cfriese@umich.edu.
Kari Mendelsohn-VictorUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, #4162, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. karimend@umich.edu.
Bo WenUniversity of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. wenb@umich.edu.
Duxin SunUniversity of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. duxins@umich.edu.
Kathleen SutcliffeJohns Hopkins University Carey School of Business and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ksutcliffe@jhu.edu.
James J YangUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, #4162, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. jjyang@umich.edu.
David L RonisUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, #4162, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. dronis@umich.edu.
Marjorie C McCullaghUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, #4162, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. mcculla@umich.edu.
DEFENS Study Investigators
University of Michigan · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

XenograftP30CA046592 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Scott Michael Schuetze · 1988 to 2026
$178.2M
Two-Spirit Films in Indigenous Cancer HealthP30CA016056 · NCI · ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE CORP · PI Christine B. Ambrosone · 1985 to 2026
$116.6M
Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MCHR)UL1TR000433 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MASHOUR, GEORGE ALEXANDER · 2012 to 2016
$49.9M
Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Oncology Nurses' Protective Equipment UseR01OH010582 · OH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI FRIESE, CHRISTOPHER R · 2014 to 2017
$2.3M
ACL HHS R01OH010582NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000433NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016056NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046592NIOSH CDC HHS 1 R01 OH 010582-01NIOSH CDC HHS R01 OH010582
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThree decades of research findings have documented the health effects of handling hazardous drugs. Oncology nurses are vulnerable due to frequent administration of antineoplastics, low adherence to equipment use, reported barriers to use, and perceived low risk of health effects. No interventions have been tested in a controlled, multi-site trial to increase nurses' use of protective equipment when handling hazardous drugs. The Drug Exposure Feedback and Education for Nurses' Safety (DEFENS) study will compare the efficacy of education (control) versus an audit and feedback intervention (treatment) on nurses' self-reported use of personal protective equipment when handling hazardous drugs. The treatment intervention will include tailored messages based on nurses' reported barriers to protective equipment use. METHODS/

designThe DEFENS Study is a cluster randomized controlled trial. We are enrolling cancer centers and will recruit nurse participants in April 2015. Eligible cancer centers employ at least 20 eligible registered nurses in the chemotherapy infusion setting and have on-site phlebotomy resources. Eligible participants are nurses who work at least 0.40 full-time equivalent hours in the chemotherapy infusion setting and have not received an antineoplastic drug for a health problem in the past year. An encrypted, user-authenticated website will administer surveys and deliver control and treatment interventions. The primary endpoint is the change in score on nurses' reports of the Revised Hazardous Drug Handling Questionnaire between baseline and approximately 18 months later. A baseline survey is completed after informed consent and is repeated 18 months later. Nurses in all sites who experience a drug spill will also report incidents as they occur; these reports inform the treatment intervention. Plasma will be obtained at baseline, approximately 18 months later (the primary endpoint), and with drug spill occurrences to measure hazardous drugs levels and to inform the treatment intervention. Potential mediators include knowledge of hazardous drug handling and perceived risk of drug exposure. We will examine whether personal factors and organizational factors moderate the intervention effects.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02283164 , registered 31 October 2014.

Indexed as

Feedback, PsychologicalAntineoplastic AgentsAttitude of Health PersonnelEducation, Nursing, ContinuingHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInfusions, ParenteralInservice TrainingJob DescriptionNursing Staff, HospitalOccupational ExposureOccupational HealthOncology NursingPersonal Protective EquipmentResearch DesignRisk AssessmentAntineoplastic Agents

Identifiers

PMID25928792
PMCPMC4411718
OpenAlexW2122059514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.