ArticleBMC plant biology2014
Characterization of proanthocyanidin metabolism in pea (Pisum sativum) seeds.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and postharvest seed coat darkening in pinto bean.Phytochemistry reviews : proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe · 2025Review
- Characterization of two reductasesFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Phenylpropanoid Content of Chickpea Seed Coats in Relation to Seed Dormancy.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The complexities of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and its regulation in plants.Plant communications · 2023Review
- Genomics Associated Interventions for Heat Stress Tolerance in Cool Season Adapted Grain Legumes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A R2R3-MYB gene-based marker for the non-darkening seed coat trait in pinto and cranberry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) derived from 'Wit-rood boontje'.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2020Article
- VvLAR1 and VvLAR2 Are Bifunctional Enzymes for Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Grapevine.Plant physiology · 2019Article
- Proanthocyanidin B2 attenuates high-glucose-induced neurotoxicity of dorsal root ganglion neurons through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Neural regeneration research · 2018Article
- Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Chinese Bayberry (Frontiers in plant science · 2018Article
- Proanthocyanidin accumulation and transcriptional responses in the seed coat of cranberry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with different susceptibility to postharvest darkening.BMC plant biology · 2017Article
- A Combined Comparative Transcriptomic, Metabolomic, and Anatomical Analyses of Two Key Domestication Traits: Pod Dehiscence and Seed Dormancy in Pea (Frontiers in plant science · 2017Article
- Article
- Genomic Tools in Pea Breeding Programs: Status and Perspectives.Frontiers in plant science · 2015Review
- A Genome-wide Combinatorial Strategy Dissects Complex Genetic Architecture of Seed Coat Color in Chickpea.Frontiers in plant science · 2015Article
- Pea,Pharmacognosy reviewsReview
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProanthocyanidins (PAs) accumulate in the seeds, fruits and leaves of various plant species including the seed coats of pea (Pisum sativum), an important food crop. PAs have been implicated in human health, but molecular and biochemical characterization of pea PA biosynthesis has not been established to date, and detailed pea PA chemical composition has not been extensively studied.
resultsPAs were localized to the ground parenchyma and epidermal cells of pea seed coats. Chemical analyses of PAs from seeds of three pea cultivars demonstrated cultivar variation in PA composition. 'Courier' and 'Solido' PAs were primarily prodelphinidin-types, whereas the PAs from 'LAN3017' were mainly the procyanidin-type. The mean degree of polymerization of 'LAN3017' PAs was also higher than those from 'Courier' and 'Solido'. Next-generation sequencing of 'Courier' seed coat cDNA produced a seed coat-specific transcriptome. Three cDNAs encoding anthocyanidin reductase (PsANR), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (PsLAR), and dihydroflavonol reductase (PsDFR) were isolated. PsANR and PsLAR transcripts were most abundant earlier in seed coat development. This was followed by maximum PA accumulation in the seed coat. Recombinant PsANR enzyme efficiently synthesized all three cis-flavan-3-ols (gallocatechin, catechin, and afzalechin) with satisfactory kinetic properties. The synthesis rate of trans-flavan-3-ol by co-incubation of PsLAR and PsDFR was comparable to cis-flavan-3-ol synthesis rate by PsANR. Despite the competent PsLAR activity in vitro, expression of PsLAR driven by the Arabidopsis ANR promoter in wild-type and anr knock-out Arabidopsis backgrounds did not result in PA synthesis.
conclusionSignificant variation in seed coat PA composition was found within the pea cultivars, making pea an ideal system to explore PA biosynthesis. PsANR and PsLAR transcript profiles, PA localization, and PA accumulation patterns suggest that a pool of PA subunits are produced in specific seed coat cells early in development to be used as substrates for polymerization into PAs. Biochemically competent recombinant PsANR and PsLAR activities were consistent with the pea seed coat PA profile composed of both cis- and trans-flavan-3-ols. Since the expression of PsLAR in Arabidopsis did not alter the PA subunit profile (which is only comprised of cis-flavan-3-ols), it necessitates further investigation of in planta metabolic flux through PsLAR.
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