ArticleBMC infectious diseases2015
Drug use patterns associated with risk of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive illicit drug users in a Canadian setting: a longitudinal analysis.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of HIV treatment adherence research among people who inject drugs in the United States and Canada: evidence to inform pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence interventions.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Substance Use and Improve HIV-Related Immune Functioning.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- HIV-Related Stigma, Motivation to Adhere to Antiretroviral Therapy, and Medication Adherence Among HIV-Positive Methadone-Maintained Patients.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Directly observed therapy of sofosbuvir/ribavirin +/- peginterferon with minimal monitoring for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in people with a history of drug use in Chennai, India (C-DOT).Journal of viral hepatitis · 2018Trial
- HealthCall delivered via smartphone to reduce co-occurring drug and alcohol use in HIV-infected adults: A randomized pilot trial.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2017Trial
- Associations between cannabis use, cannabis use motivations and past year polysubstance use among people living with HIV in Florida.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral utilization and adherence before vs. after expansion of a provincial drug insurance policy.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Patterns in Mental Health Symptoms, Substance Use, and Viral Suppression in People with HIV: A Clustering Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Longitudinal patterns and predictors of opioid and stimulant use initiation and cessation among female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- HIV and Substance Use Disorders.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Implementing a peer-supported, integrated strategy for substance use disorder care in an outpatient infectious disease clinic is associated with improved patient outcomes.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation.Research square · 2023Article
- Opioid use and HIV treatment services experiences among male criminal justice-involved persons in South Africa: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Perceived Mistreatment in Health Care Settings and its Relationship with HIV Clinical Outcomes in HIV-positive People who Use Drugs in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- The effect of substance uses on antiretroviral treatment adherence in primary health care.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2023Article
- Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV Who Use Opioids Have Diminished Latency Reversal.Viruses · 2023Article
- Substance Use and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in the United States.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Peer Case Management Promoting Advancement Along the HIV Care Continuum Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV: Building Brothers Up.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2022Article
- Assessing the Temporality Between Transitions onto Opioid Agonist Therapy and Engagement with Antiretroviral Therapy in a Cohort of HIV-Positive People Who Use Opioids Daily.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmong people living with HIV/AIDS, illicit drug use is a risk for sub-optimal treatment outcomes. However, few studies have examined the relative contributions of different patterns of drug use on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to estimate the effect of different types of illicit drug use on adherence in a setting of universal free HIV/AIDS treatment and care.
methodsUsing data from ongoing prospective cohorts of HIV-positive illicit drug users linked to comprehensive pharmacy dispensation records in Vancouver, Canada, we examined factors associated with ≥95% prescription refill adherence using generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression.
resultsBetween 1996 and 2013, 692 ART-exposed individuals were followed for a median of 42.7 months (Interquartile Range: 29.1-71.7). In multivariable GEE analyses, heroin injection (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.75, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.66-0.85) as well as cocaine injection (AOR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90) were associated with lower likelihoods of optimal adherence. Methadone maintenance therapy (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.68-2.11) was associated with a greater likelihood of adherence.
conclusionsPeriods of heroin and cocaine injection appeared to have the most deleterious impact upon antiretroviral adherence. The findings point to the need for improved access to treatment for heroin use disorder, particularly methadone, and highlight the need to identify strategies to support ART adherence among cocaine injectors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.