Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25926974›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2014

Adult attachment style as a risk factor for maternal postnatal depression: a systematic review.

Nasir Warfa, Melissa Harper, Giampaolo Nicolais, Kamaldeep Bhui

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. "Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
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  6. Early Parenting Interactions and First-Time Mothers' Postnatal Depression and Parental Competence.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024
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  15. Personal and Family Resources Related to Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Women during Puerperium.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Nasir WarfaCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Old Anatomy Building, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK ; Faculty Member, HPRT, Department of Continuing Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, 22 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA, Boston 02139 USA.
Melissa HarperCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Old Anatomy Building, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK.
Giampaolo NicolaisSapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Kamaldeep BhuiCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Old Anatomy Building, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK.
Harvard University · USSapienza University of Rome · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPostnatal depression (PND) is an important health problem of global relevance for maternal health and impacts on the health and wellbeing of the child over the life-course. Multinational data is hard to locate, the economic burden of PND on health care systems have been calculated in several countries, including Canada and in the UK. In Canada, health and social care costs for a mother with PND were found to be just over twice that of mothers with no mental illness. The extra community care cost for women with PND living in the UK was found to be £35.7 million per year.

methodWe carried out a systematic search to the literature to investigate the associations between attachment style and PND, using meta-narrative analysis methods, reporting statistical data and life narratives. The following databases were searched: PsycInfo, PsycExtra Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Pubmed. We focused on research papers that examined adult attachment styles and PND, and published between 1991 and 2013. We included any papers showing relationship between maternal adult attachment and PND. Out of 353 papers, 20 met the study inclusion criteria, representing a total of 2306 participants. Data from these 20 studies was extracted by means of a data extraction table.

resultsWe found that attachment and PND share a common aetiology and that 'insecure adult attachment style' is an additional risk factor for PND. Of the insecure adult attachment styles, anxious styles were found to be associated with PND symptoms more frequently than avoidant or dismissing styles of attachment.

conclusionMore comprehensive longitudinal research would be crucial to examine possible cause-effect associations between adult attachment style (as an intergenerational construct and risk factor) and PND (as an important maternal mental health), with new screening and interventions being essential for alleviating the suffering and consequences of PND. If more is understood about the risk profile of a new or prospective mother, more can be done to prevent the illness trajectory (PND); as well as making existing screening measures and treatment options more widely available.

Indexed as

Adult attachment styleAttachment theoryMaternal depressionMaternal mental healthPostnatal depressionReview systematic

Identifiers

PMID25926974
PMCPMC4407393
OpenAlexW2025252963

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.