ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2015
Prototypic and arkypallidal neurons in the dopamine-intact external globus pallidus.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- Connectivity and Functionality of the Globus Pallidus Externa Under Normal Conditions and Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Pooled it
- Beyond the role in motor function, entopeduncular nucleus, a critical neural hub in psychiatric disorders and sleep regulation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Reconciling contradictory models of subthalamic nucleus contributions to basal ganglia beta oscillations.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Multimodal characterization of variation in neuronal types in the mouse basal ganglia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Compensatory coupling between leak and HCN conductances defines a low dimensional solution manifold in GPe neuron subtypes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The External Globus Pallidus is a Basal Ganglia Output Hub with Action-Specific Circuits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Distinct modes of dopamine modulation on striatopallidal synaptic transmission.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Temporal Variability in the Spiking Activity of Neurons in the External Globus Pallidus in Healthy and Parkinsonian Monkeys.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- How the dynamic interplay of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic pathways shapes the time course of deliberation and commitment.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- In silico model of basal ganglia deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease captures range of effective parameters for pathological beta power suppression.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Developmental dopamine loss rewires striatal circuits to promote locomotion.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- Synaptic integration and competition in the substantia nigra pars reticulata-An experimental and in silico analysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dysfunctional LHX6 pallido-subthalamic projections mediate epileptic events in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Article
- Excitatory drive to the globus pallidus external segment facilitates action initiation in non-human primates.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Developmental Dopamine Loss Rewires Striatal Circuits to Promote Locomotion.Research square · 2025Article
- Alcohol effects on associative and sensorimotor cortico-thalamo-basal ganglia circuits alter decision making and alcohol intake.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Cellular and synaptic properties of molecularly defined neurons in the external globus pallidus.iScience · 2025Article
- Neuronal and network resonance in the external globus pallidus.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Parameterization of intraoperative human microelectrode recordings: Linking action potential morphology to brain anatomy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Studies in dopamine-depleted rats indicate that the external globus pallidus (GPe) contains two main types of GABAergic projection cell; so-called "prototypic" and "arkypallidal" neurons. Here, we used correlative anatomical and electrophysiological approaches in rats to determine whether and how this dichotomous organization applies to the dopamine-intact GPe. Prototypic neurons coexpressed the transcription factors Nkx2-1 and Lhx6, comprised approximately two-thirds of all GPe neurons, and were the major GPe cell type innervating the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In contrast, arkypallidal neurons expressed the transcription factor FoxP2, constituted just over one-fourth of GPe neurons, and innervated the striatum but not STN. In anesthetized dopamine-intact rats, molecularly identified prototypic neurons fired at relatively high rates and with high regularity, regardless of brain state (slow-wave activity or spontaneous activation). On average, arkypallidal neurons fired at lower rates and regularities than prototypic neurons, and the two cell types could be further distinguished by the temporal coupling of their firing to ongoing cortical oscillations. Complementing the activity differences observed in vivo, the autonomous firing of identified arkypallidal neurons in vitro was slower and more variable than that of prototypic neurons, which tallied with arkypallidal neurons displaying lower amplitudes of a "persistent" sodium current important for such pacemaking. Arkypallidal neurons also exhibited weaker driven and rebound firing compared with prototypic neurons. In conclusion, our data support the concept that a dichotomous functional organization, as actioned by arkypallidal and prototypic neurons with specialized molecular, structural, and physiological properties, is fundamental to the operations of the dopamine-intact GPe.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.