SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2015
Co-infection as a confounder for the role of Clostridium difficile infection in children with diarrhoea: a summary of the literature.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clostridioides difficile in West Africa: a systematic review of the limited evidence and key knowledge gaps.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- The impact of the quality improvement program on Clostridioides difficile infection management: a quasi-experimental study.Intestinal research · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of co-infections.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Toxin genotypes, antibiotic resistance and their correlations in Clostridioides difficile isolated from hospitals in Xi'an, China.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and Clostridioides difficile in immunocompromised children with diarrhea.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Concurrent and Subsequent Co-Infections ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Molecular characteristics of Clostridium difficile in children with acute gastroenteritis from Zhejiang.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Updated Management Guidelines forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Recurrent community-acquired Clostridium(Clostridioides)difficile infection in Serbianchildren.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection and Other Conditions in Children: A Joint Position Paper From the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2019Article
- Bacteria Co-colonizing withOpen life sciences · 2019Article
- Coinfections identified from metagenomic analysis of cervical lymph nodes from tularemia patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Epidemiology and Factors Related to Clinical Severity of Acute Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination.Journal of Korean medical science · 2017Article
- Rapid change of fecal microbiome and disappearance of Clostridium difficile in a colonized infant after transition from breast milk to cow milk.Microbiome · 2016Article
- The role of Clostridium difficile in the paediatric and neonatal gut - a narrative review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in adults, the incidence and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI) in children is unclear. One complicating factor in assessing the role of CDI in children is the possibility of co-infection with other gastrointestinal pathogens. In this review, we summarise the literature concerning C. difficile co-infections in young children, in an attempt to discuss the rate of co-infections and their potential role in the severity of CDI clinical presentation. We identified 31 studies where co-infections were analysed, comprising 1,718 patients with positive C. difficile tests. The pooled percentage of reported co-infections was 20.7% (range 0-100%). Viral co-infections were most commonly reported (46%), with bacteria and parasites accounting for 14.9% and 0.01% of cases, respectively. However, the panel of co-infections tested for varied considerably among studies and 38% of stated co-infections did not have a pathogen reported. Substantial variation in how and when tests for gastrointestinal co-infections are carried out, small sample sizes and a lack of clear CDI case definitions preclude meaningful conclusions on the true rate of co-infections in this patient population. This review suggests that co-infections may be common in children with diarrhoea who tested positive for C. difficile. Given a lack of CDI case definitions, especially in young children under the age of 5 years, a broad panel of pathogens should be tested for to exclude other microbiological causes. However, the summarised poor quality of the available literature on this subject highlights a need for further studies.
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