ArticleBMC public health2015
Cross-sectional associations between residential environmental exposures and cardiovascular diseases.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Association between Community Food Environments and Health Outcomes in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- Green spaces and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2019Pooled it
- Built Environment, Selected Risk Factors and Major Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Powering health: how clean energy access reduces cardiovascular mortality in children.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Rethinking 15-min walkable neighborhoods for healthy aging: evidence from cardiovascular health in Shanghai's older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Associations Between Health-Related Social Needs and Cardiovascular Health Among US Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Associations of Neighborhood Food and Physical Activity Environments in Young Adulthood With Cardiovascular Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- AI-Facilitated Assessment of Built Environment Using Neighborhood Satellite Imagery and Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Spatial analysis of the impact of urban built environment on cardiovascular diseases: a case study in Xixiangtang, China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Food Environments and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Ready-to-Eat Food Environments and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study.Circulation. Heart failure · 2024Article
- Neighborhood attributes and cardiovascular disease risk in breast cancer survivors: The Pathways Study.Cancer · 2023Article
- Association of neighborhood physical activity facilities with incident cardiovascular disease.International journal of health geographics · 2023Article
- Furthering nutrition equity through innovative and empathetic collaborations with the restaurant sector: Examples from Latin American restaurants.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Evaluating the outcomes and implementation determinants of interventions co-developed using human-centered design to promote healthy eating in restaurants: an application of the consolidated framework for implementation research.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Obesogenic environments and cardiovascular disease: a path analysis using US nationally representative data.BMC public health · 2022Observational
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Hypertension by Levels of Green Space Availability: A Cross-Sectional Study in Philadelphia, PA.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Association of neighborhood physical activity opportunities with incident cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study.Health & place · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior research examining neighbourhood effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has focused on the impact of neighbourhood socio-economic status or a few selected environmental variables. No studies of cardiovascular disease outcomes have investigated a broad range of urban planning related environmental factors. This is the first study to combine multiple neighbourhood influences in an integrated approach to understanding the association between the built and social environment and CVDs. By modeling multiple neighbourhood level social and environmental variables simultaneously, the study improved the estimation of effects by accounting for potential contextual confounders.
methodsData were collected using a cross-sectional survey (n = 2411) across 87 census tracts (CT) in Toronto, Canada, and commercial and census data were accessed to characterize the residential environment. Multilevel regressions were used to estimate the associations of neighbourhood factors on the risk of CVD.
resultsExposure to violent crimes, environmental noise, and proximity to a major road were independently associated with increased odds of CVDs (p < 0.05) in the fully adjusted model. While reduced access to food stores, parks/recreation, and increased access to fast food restaurants were associated with increased odds of CVDs in partially adjusted models (p < 0.05), these associations were fully attenuated after adjusting for BMI and physical activity. Housing disrepair was not associated with CVD risk.
conclusionsThese findings illustrate the importance of measuring and modeling a broad range of neighborhood factors--exposure to violent crimes, environmental noise, and traffic, and access to food stores, fast food, parks/recreation areas--to identify specific stressors in relation to adverse health outcomes. Further research to investigate the temporal order of events is needed to better understand the direction of causation for the observed associations.
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