ArticlePloS one2015
Molecular Characterization of the Llamas (Lama glama) Casein Cluster Genes Transcripts (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3) and Regulatory Regions.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Across deserts and Andes: a genetic exploration of GlyCam-1 in domestic camelids.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
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- Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Sequencing and Characterization of αs2-Casein Gene (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Comparative Genomics, Evolutionary and Gene Regulatory Regions Analysis of Casein Gene Family inFrontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Camelids: new players in the international animal production context.Tropical animal health and production · 2020Review
- Functional and Genomic Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Alternative splicing events expand molecular diversity of camel CSN1S2 increasing its ability to generate potentially bioactive peptides.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- 5'-flanking variants of equine casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3) and their relationship with gene expression and milk composition.Journal of applied genetics · 2019Article
- Casein Gene Cluster in Camelids: Comparative Genome Analysis and New Findings on Haplotype Variability and Physical Mapping.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
- Alpha S1-casein polymorphisms in camel (Camelus dromedarius) and descriptions of biological active peptides and allergenic epitopes.Tropical animal health and production · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present paper, we report for the first time the characterization of llama (Lama glama) caseins at transcriptomic and genetic level. A total of 288 casein clones transcripts were analysed from two lactating llamas. The most represented mRNA populations were those correctly assembled (85.07%) and they encoded for mature proteins of 215, 217, 187 and 162 amino acids respectively for the CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2 and CSN3 genes. The exonic subdivision evidenced a structure made of 21, 9, 17 and 6 exons for the αs1-, β-, αs2- and κ-casein genes respectively. Exon skipping and duplication events were evidenced. Two variants A and B were identified in the αs1-casein gene as result of the alternative out-splicing of the exon 18. An additional exon coding for a novel esapeptide was found to be cryptic in the κ-casein gene, whereas one extra exon was found in the αs2-casein gene by the comparison with the Camelus dromedaries sequence. A total of 28 putative phosphorylated motifs highlighted a complex heterogeneity and a potential variable degree of post-translational modifications. Ninety-six polymorphic sites were found through the comparison of the lama casein cDNAs with the homologous camel sequences, whereas the first description and characterization of the 5'- and 3'-regulatory regions allowed to identify the main putative consensus sequences involved in the casein genes expression, thus opening the way to new investigations -so far- never achieved in this species.
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