ArticlePloS one2015
Delivery of GM-CSF to Protect against Influenza Pneumonia.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sargramostim (rhu GM-CSF) as Cancer Therapy (Systematic Review) and An Immunomodulator. A Drug Before Its Time?Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- Restoring resident tissue macrophages to combat aging and cancer.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Alveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inhaled GM-CSF administered during ongoing pneumovirus infection alters myeloid and CD8 T cell immunity without affecting disease outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Bibliometric analysis of intestinal microbiota and lung diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Alveolar macrophages in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and infection: evolving concepts of therapeutic targeting.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- Ethanol-exposed lung fibroblasts cause airway epithelial barrier dysfunction.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Blocking the human common beta subunit of the GM-CSF, IL-5 and IL-3 receptors markedly reduces hyperinflammation in ARDS models.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Recombinant GM-CSF for diseases of GM-CSF insufficiency: Correcting dysfunctional mononuclear phagocyte disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Evaluation of porcine GM-CSF during PRRSV infectionFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Macrophage-derived cytokines in pneumonia: Linking cellular immunology and genetics.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2021Review
- An overview of some potential immunotherapeutic options against COVID-19.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has come of age: From a vaccine adjuvant to antiviral immunotherapy.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2021Review
- A review on how to do hematology consults during COVID-19 pandemic.Blood reviews · 2021Review
- Divergent Mast Cell Responses Modulate Antiviral Immunity During Influenza Virus Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The Role of GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Infection and Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Concise Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- GM-CSF: Orchestrating the Pulmonary Response to Infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2020Review
- Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs).Microorganisms · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSince adaptive immunity is thought to be central to immunity against influenza A virus (IAV) pneumonias, preventive strategies have focused primarily on vaccines. However, vaccine efficacy has been variable, in part because of antigenic shift and drift in circulating influenza viruses. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of innate immunity in protecting against influenza.
methodsGranulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to maturation of mononuclear phagocytes, enhancing their capacity for phagocytosis and cytokine production.
resultsOverexpression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the lung of transgenic mice provides remarkable protection against IAV, which depends on alveolar macrophages (AM). In this study, we report that pulmonary delivery of GM-CSF to wild type young and aged mice abrogated mortality from IAV.
conclusionWe also demonstrate that protection is species specific and human GM-CSF do not protect the mice nor stimulates mouse immunity. We also show that IAV-induced lung injury is the culprit for side-effects of GM-CSF in treating mice after IAV infection, and introduce a novel strategy to deliver the GM-CSF to and retain it in the alveolar space even after IAV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.