ArticleJournal of inflammation (London, England)2015
Pentoxifylline reduces the inflammatory process in diabetic rats: relationship with decreases of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Article in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Effect of pentoxifylline on inflammatory markers in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients: A prospective, interventional, open label.World journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Protective effect of pentoxifylline against high-glucose-induced ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of pentoxifylline as a renal protector in diabetic kidney disease: a comprehensive review.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- Amikacin toxicity revisited: pentoxifylline offers protection in high-risk treatment scenarios.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Repurposing drugs for highly prevalent diseases: pentoxifylline, an old drug and a new opportunity for diabetic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Review
- Therapeutic effect of sodium‑glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and benazepril on diabetic nephropathic rats.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- A raising dawn of pentoxifylline in management of inflammatory disorders in Covid-19.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- Are the Protean Effects of Pentoxifylline in the Therapy of Diabetes and Its Complications Still Relevant?Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021Review
- Effectiveness of low-power laser therapy in improvement of the peripheral neuropathy induced by xenobiotics in rats.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2021Article
- Lipid deposition and metaflammation in diabetic kidney disease.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduces alloxan-induced kidney damage by decreasing nox4, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and metalloproteinase-2.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Is There a Role for Pentoxifylline?Kidney360 · 2020Review
- Inflammatory Targets in Diabetic Nephropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- β-Caryophyllene, a CB2-Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Pentoxifylline for Renal Protection in Diabetic Kidney Disease. A Model of Old Drugs for New Horizons.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Effect of pentoxifylline on kidney damage induced by nitrosamine in male rats.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Article
- Effect of pentoxifylline on diabetic distal polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized trial.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2019Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of pentoxifylline on proteinuria and renal progression: an update.Journal of biomedical science · 2017Review
- Kaempferol Alleviates the Interleukin-1β-Induced Inflammation in Rat Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes via Suppression of NF-κB.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies suggest that inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, are produced by adipose tissue in large quantities, in obese and especially in diabetic individuals. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions that may contribute to alleviate diabetes side effects, as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. This study aims to investigate PTX anti-inflammatory effects on the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic animals (male Wistar rats, 200-250 g) were daily treated with PTX (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.), glibenclamide (GLI, 5 mg/kg, p.o., as reference) or water, for 5 days. Afterwards, carrageenan-treated paws were dissected, their skin removed and the tissue used for preparation of homogenates and measurements of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by Elisa. Serum levels of nitrite were also determined and paw slices used for iNOS immunohistochemistry assays. We showed that diabetic rats presented an amplification of the inflammatory response, as related to non-diabetic rats, what was evident 48 h after the edema-induction. The PTX-treatment of diabetic rats reduced glycemia (as related to untreated-diabetic ones) and the paw edema. It also brought edema volumes to values similar to those of non-diabetic rats, at the same observation time. The increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in paws of untreated-diabetic rats were reduced in diabetic animals after PTX treatments. Besides, the increased levels of nitrite in the serum of diabetic rats were also decreased by PTX. Furthermore, a higher number of iNOS immunostained cells was demonstrated in paw tissues from untreated-diabetic rats, as related to those of PTX-treated diabetic animals. Our results show that PTX reduces inflammatory parameters, as pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS expression, indicating the potential benefit of the drug for the treatment of diabetes and related pathologic conditions.
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