Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25922345›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2015

Autism phenotype versus registered diagnosis in Swedish children: prevalence trends over 10 years in general population samples.

Sebastian Lundström, Abraham Reichenberg, Henrik Anckarsäter, Paul Lichtenstein, Christopher Gillberg

Abstract readMulticenter StudyTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Autism, youth suicide, and psychedelics: A review of the 21st century evidence.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Overall prognosis of preschool autism spectrum disorder diagnoses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
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  7. The Prevalence of Diabetes in Autistic Persons: A Systematic Review.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2020
    Pooled it
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23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sebastian LundströmGillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Kungsgatan 12, 411 19, Gothenburg, Sweden Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Sweden sebastian.lundstrom@gnc.gu.se.
Abraham ReichenbergDepartments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Henrik AnckarsäterCentre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Paul LichtensteinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christopher GillbergGillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Kungsgatan 12, 411 19, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the annual prevalence of the autism symptom phenotype and of registered diagnoses for autism spectrum disorder during a 10 year period in children.

designPopulation based study.

settingChild and Adolescent Twin Study and national patient register, Sweden.

participants19, 993 twins (190 with autism spectrum disorder) and all children (n=1,078,975; 4620 with autism spectrum disorder) born in Sweden over a 10 year period from 1993 to 2002.

main outcome measuresAnnual prevalence of the autism symptom phenotype (that is, symptoms on which the diagnostic criteria are based) assessed by a validated parental telephone interview (the Autism-Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory), and annual prevalence of reported diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder in the national patient register.

resultsThe annual prevalence of the autism symptom phenotype was stable during the 10 year period (P=0.87 for linear time trend). In contrast, there was a monotonic significant increase in prevalence of registered diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder in the national patient register (P<0.001 for linear trend).

conclusionsThe prevalence of the autism symptom phenotype has remained stable in children in Sweden while the official prevalence for registered, clinically diagnosed, autism spectrum disorder has increased substantially. This suggests that administrative changes, affecting the registered prevalence, rather than secular factors affecting the pathogenesis, are important for the increase in reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder.

Indexed as

Diseases in TwinsForecastingTwinsAdolescentAutistic DisorderChildDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleParentsPhenotypePopulation SurveillancePrevalenceRegistriesSweden

Identifiers

PMID25922345
PMCPMC4413835

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.