Observational studyAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2015
APOL1 Genotype and Glomerular and Tubular Kidney Injury in Women With HIV.
Observational study in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants and kidney disease in patients with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Clinical Risk Factors For Kidney Tubule Biomarker Abnormalities Among Hypertensive Adults With Reduced eGFR in the SPRINT Trial.American journal of hypertension · 2022Article
- Genetic Variants ofKidney international reports · 2022Article
- Association of Statin Use With Kidney Damage and Function Among HIV-Infected Men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Impact ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Genome-wide association studies of albuminuria: towards genetic stratification in diabetes?Journal of nephrology · 2018Review
- Hepatitis C virus cure does not impact kidney function decline in HIV co-infected patients.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Observational
- Kidney Disease in HIV: Moving beyond HIV-Associated Nephropathy.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017Review
- Changes in Urinary Biomarkers Over 10 Years Is Associated With Viral Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of Women Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Transgenic expression of human APOL1 risk variants in podocytes induces kidney disease in mice.Nature medicine · 2017Article
- Association of HIV infection with biomarkers of kidney injury and fibrosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Antiviral therapy · 2017Article
- HIV Infection, Tenofovir, and Urine α1-Microglobulin: A Cross-sectional Analysis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016Article
- Hypertension-attributed nephropathy: what's in a name?Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAPOL1 genotype is associated with advanced kidney disease in African Americans, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Here, associations of APOL1 genotype with urine biomarkers of glomerular and tubular injury and kidney function decline were evaluated. STUDY
designObservational study. SETTING &
participants431 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected African American women enrolled in Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). PREDICTOR: APOL1 genotype. OUTCOMES: Albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), 4 tubular injury biomarkers (interleukin 18 [IL-18], kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], and α1-microglobulin [A1M]), and kidney function estimated using the CKD-EPI cystatin C equation. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were genotyped for APOL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs73885319 (G1 allele) and rs71785313 (G2 allele). Urine biomarkers were measured using stored samples from 1999-2000. Cystatin C was measured using serum collected at baseline and 4- and 8-year follow-ups.
resultsAt baseline, ACRs were higher among 47 women with 2 APOL1 risk alleles versus 384 women with 0/1 risk allele (median, 24 vs 11mg/g; P<0.001). Compared with women with 0/1 risk allele, women with 2 risk alleles had 104% higher ACRs (95% CI, 29-223mg/g) and 2-fold greater risk of ACR>30 (95% CI, 1.17-3.44) mg/g after multivariable adjustment. APOL1 genotype showed little association with urine IL-18:Cr ratio, KIM-1:Cr ratio, and NGAL:Cr ratio (estimates of -5% [95% CI, -24% to 18%], -20% [95% CI, -36% to -1%], and 10% [95% CI, -26% to 64%], respectively) or detectable urine A1M (prevalence ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.65-1.97) in adjusted analyses. Compared with women with 0/1 allele, women with 2 risk alleles had faster eGFR decline, by 1.2 (95% CI, 0.2 to 2.2) mL/min/1.73m(2) per year, and 1.7- and 3.4-fold greater rates of incident chronic kidney disease (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5) and 10% annual eGFR decline (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.7), respectively, with minimal attenuation after adjustment for glomerular and tubular injury biomarker levels. LIMITATIONS: Results may not be generalizable to men.
conclusionsAmong HIV-infected African American women, APOL1-associated kidney injury appears to localize to the glomerulus, rather than the tubules.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.