Trial reportMucosal immunology2016
Modulation of nasopharyngeal innate defenses by viral coinfection predisposes individuals to experimental pneumococcal carriage.
Trial report in Mucosal immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Associated With Increased Experimental Pneumococcal Carriage but Reduced Conjugate Vaccine Efficacy in a Human Challenge Model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Symptoms associated with influenza vaccination and experimental human pneumococcal colonisation of the nasopharynx.Vaccine · 2020Trial
- Inflammation induced by influenza virus impairs human innate immune control of pneumococcus.Nature immunology · 2018Trial
- Agglutination by anti-capsular polysaccharide antibody is associated with protection against experimental human pneumococcal carriage.Mucosal immunology · 2017Trial
- The Effects of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Bacteria in Healthy 2 to 4 Year Olds. A Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2016Trial
- Salivary proteomics suggests persistent inflammatory signatures after clinical healing in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a hypothesis-generating case-control study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Role of the upper airway microbiota in respiratory virus and bacterial pathobiont dynamics in the first year of life.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pandemic Social Distancing and Declines in Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcus and Related Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes: Evidence From Household-Based Cohort Studies in Lima, Peru.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Post-influenza bacterial infection: mechanisms of pathogenesis and advances in therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Cytokine secretion by in vitro cultures of lung epithelial cells, differentiated macrophages and differentiated dendritic cells incubated with pneumococci and pneumococcal extracellular vesicles.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Considerations in planning a controlled human infection model in at-risk groups in sub-Saharan Africa: the case for pneumococcal challenge in people living with HIV in Malawi and a report of stakeholder consultation.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Relationship between molecular pathogen detection and clinical disease in febrile children across Europe: a multicentre, prospective observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cocirculating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Diverse Mechanisms of Protective Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Systems Biology Modeling of the Complement System Under Immune Susceptible Pathogens.Frontiers in physics · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
- Hijacking Factor H for Complement Immune Evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Virus-Induced Changes of the Respiratory Tract Environment Promote Secondary Infections WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Increased nasopharyngeal colonization density has been associated with pneumonia. We used experimental human pneumococcal carriage to investigate whether upper respiratory tract viral infection predisposes individuals to carriage. A total of 101 healthy subjects were screened for respiratory virus before pneumococcal intranasal challenge. Virus was associated with increased odds of colonization (75% virus positive became colonized vs. 46% virus-negative subjects; P=0.02). Nasal Factor H (FH) levels were increased in virus-positive subjects and were associated with increased colonization density. Using an in vitro epithelial model we explored the impact of increased mucosal FH in the context of coinfection. Epithelial inflammation and FH binding resulted in increased pneumococcal adherence to the epithelium. Binding was partially blocked by antibodies targeting the FH-binding protein Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC). PspC epitope mapping revealed individuals lacked antibodies against the FH binding region. We propose that FH binding to PspC in vivo masks this binding site, enabling FH to facilitate pneumococcal/epithelial attachment during viral infection despite the presence of anti-PspC antibodies. We propose that a PspC-based vaccine lacking binding to FH could reduce pneumococcal colonization, and may have enhanced protection in those with underlying viral infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.