SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2015
The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the development of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 32 publications and 20,414 cases.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between dietary fiber intake and risk of lung cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Nutrition journal · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vegetable and Fruit Consumption and Prognosis Among Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Global Vegetable Intake and Supply Compared to Recommendations: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Fruit and vegetables consumption and incident hypertension: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Journal of human hypertension · 2016Pooled it
- Association of Dietary Vitamin A and β-Carotene Intake with the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 19 Publications.Nutrients · 2015Pooled it
- Dietary risk factors for lung cancer: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Dietary Stilbenes May Mitigate Risk of Lung Cancer: Evidence from Two Prospective Cohort Studies in the UK and Japan.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Generation of machine-learning derived cancer vulnerability indicator to determine the spatial burden of cancer outcomes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Analysis and prediction of the burden of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in China and the global from 1990 to 2021.PloS one · 2026Article
- Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of cancer prevention · 2025Review
- Disease burden of lung cancer attributable to metabolic and behavioral risks in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender disparities in incidence and projections of lung cancer in China and the United States from 1978 to 2032: an age-period-cohort analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Analysis of Phytonutrients, Anti-Mutagenic and Chemopreventive Effects of Tropical Fruit Extracts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Combined effects of cigarette smoking, DNA methyltransferase 3B genetic polymorphism, and DNA damage on lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesQuantification of the association between the intake of vegetables and fruits and the risk of lung cancer is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between vegetables and fruits and lung cancer risk. SUBJECTS/
methodsPertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was estimated using Begg's test.
resultsFinally, 30 articles with 37 studies comprising of 20,075 lung cancer cases for vegetables intake with lung cancer risk and 31 articles with 38 studies comprising of 20,213 lung cancer cases for fruits intake with lung cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that there were significant associations between vegetables and fruits intake and lung cancer risk. The pooled RR were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.82) for vegetables and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.88) for fruits. Significant association was found in females on vegetables intake and lung cancer but not in males. The association was also stronger in females than males on fruits intake and lung cancer risk. No publication bias was detected.
conclusionsOur analysis indicated that intake of vegetables and fruits may have a protective effect on lung cancer, and the associations were stronger in females. As the potential biases and confounders could not be ruled out completely in this meta-analysis, further studies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.