ArticleThe Prostate2015
Circulating total testosterone and PSA concentrations in a nationally representative sample of men without a diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Article in The Prostate, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Prostate Cancer Risk Independent of Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Free prostate-specific antigen, total prostate-specific antigen, and their ratio associated with diabetic kidney disease: new evidence from male patients with diabetes in the United States.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- The association between systemic immune-inflammation index and prostate-specific antigen: Results from NHANES 2003-2010.PloS one · 2024Article
- Interaction between drinking and dietary inflammatory index affects prostate specific antigen: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Differences in the relationship between diabetes and prostate cancer among Black and White non-Hispanic men.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
- Is there a non-linear relationship between dietary protein intake and prostate-specific antigen: proof from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2003-2010).Lipids in health and disease · 2020Article
- Association Between Serum Testosterone and Serum PSA Among Men With and Without Partial Androgen Deficiency.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2020Article
- Association of Long-Term Dynamics in Circulating Testosterone with Serum PSA in Prostate Cancer-Free Men with Initial-PSA < 4 ng/mL.Hormones & cancer · 2019Article
- Association between low-testosterone and kidney stones in US men: The national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2012.Preventive medicine reports · 2018Article
- Prostatic-Specific Antigen Levels in Men from Two Andean Cities of Peru.High altitude medicine & biology · 2018Article
- Serum Steroid Ratio Profiles in Prostate Cancer: A New Diagnostic Tool Toward a Personalized Medicine Approach.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- Association between Serum Testosterone and PSA Levels in Middle-Aged Healthy Men from the General Population.Current urology · 2017Article
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum sex steroid hormones among men in NHANES.Clinical endocrinology · 2016Article
- Diabetes, prostate cancer screening and risk of low- and high-grade prostate cancer: an 11 year historical population follow-up study of more than 1 million men.Diabetologia · 2016Article
- Association between baseline serum glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, and prostate cancer risk categories.Cancer medicine · 2016Article
- Comparison of the Effects of Testosterone Gels, Injections, and Pellets on Serum Hormones, Erythrocytosis, Lipids, and Prostate-Specific Antigen.Sexual medicine · 2015Article
- Overexpression of NIMA-related kinase 2 is associated with progression and poor prognosis of prostate cancer.BMC urology · 2015Article
- Article
- Serum testosterone as a biomarker for second prostatic biopsy in men with negative first biopsy for prostatic cancer and PSA>4ng/mL, or with PIN biopsy result.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association between serum sex steroid hormones and PSA in a general population has not been described.
methodsIncluded were 378 men aged 40-85 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2001-2004, who did not have a prostate cancer diagnosis, and had not had a recent biopsy, rectal examination, cystoscopy, or prostate infection or inflammation. Serum total PSA, total testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide (3α-diol-G), estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were previously measured. Free testosterone was estimated by mass action. We applied sampling weights and calculated geometric mean PSA concentration by hormone quintiles adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, and also for body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, diabetes, and mutually for hormones. We estimated the OR of PSA ≥2.5 ng/ml per hormone quintile using logistic regression.
resultsGeometric mean PSA increased across testosterone quintiles after age and race/ethnicity (Q1: 0.80, Q5: 1.14 ng/ml; P-trend = 0.002) and multivariable (Q1: 0.79, Q5: 1.16 ng/ml; P-trend = 0.02) adjustment; patterns were similar for free testosterone and 3α-diol-G. SHBG was inversely associated with PSA only after multivariable adjustment (Q1: 1.32, Q5: 0.82 nmol/L; P-trend = 0.01). Estradiol and PSA were not associated. The OR of PSA ≥2.5 ng/ml was 1.54 (95% CI 1.18-2.01) per testosterone quintile after age and race/ethnicity adjustment, and 1.78 (95% CI 1.16-2.73) after multivariable adjustment.
conclusionsIn this nationally representative sample, men with higher testosterone had higher PSA even after taking into account other hormones and modifiable factors. Men with higher SHBG had lower PSA, but only after multivariable adjustment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.