ArticleNature communications2015
Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans.
Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03028831 (Randomized Controlled Trial of Resistant Starch to Reduce Colon Cancer Risk in Alaska Native People.), which is not on this map. Cited by 537 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Resistant Starch to Reduce Colon Cancer Risk in Alaska Native People.
Who cites it
537 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 958 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer Risk and Mortality Following Substitution of Animal Foods with Plant Foods: A Systematic Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Association between cholecystectomy/gallbladder pathology and colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The gut microbiota of Indigenous populations in the context of dietary westernization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Terrestrial Animal Source Foods and Health Outcomes for Those with Special Nutrient Needs in the Life Course.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Tolerance of high fibre supplementation among participants in a randomised trial to reduce cancer risk among Alaska Native peoples: Alaska FIRST.International journal of circumpolar health · 2025Trial
- Food- vs. supplement-based very-low-energy diets and gut microbiome composition in women with high body mass index: A randomized controlled trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of dietary fiber on trimethylamine-N-oxide production after beef consumption and on gut microbiota: MEATMARK - a randomized cross-over study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Metabolomic Profiling of an Ultraprocessed Dietary Pattern in a Domiciled Randomized Controlled Crossover Feeding Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- An insight into the functional alterations in the gut microbiome of healthy adults in response to a multi-strain probiotic intake: a single arm open label trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Trial
- Gut microbiota and diet in colorectal cancer: Converging determinants of carcinogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Pleiotropic roles of microbial bile acid metabolism in intestinal health and diseases.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- Five-country analysis of geographic and dietary drivers of gut microbiome composition and genomic variation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond the barrier: Engineering the tumor-immune-soil nexus-a mechanistic blueprint for integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with immunotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Global analysis of infant gut microbiota revealed distinctive maturation dynamics across lifestyles.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- A case-control study of dietary patterns and lifestyle factors affecting colorectal cancer in Hunan province, South China.Medicine · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed Foods and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence, Mechanistic Pathways, and Clinical Implications.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Review
- MeLSI: Metric Learning for Statistical Inference in microbiome community composition analysis.mSystems · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Preserving Tradition, Preventing Cancer: A Narrative Review of the Traditional Mexican Diet as a Framework for Cancer Risk Reduction.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Secondary bile acid production by gut bacteria promotes Western diet-associated colorectal cancer.Gut · 2026Article
477 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.