Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25918278›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2015

Toxicities of Immunotherapy for the Practitioner.

Jeffrey S Weber, James C Yang, Michael B Atkins, Mary L Disis

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 297 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
297citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
36.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

297 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 645 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 pathway for advanced urothelial carcinoma: a meta-analysis of published clinical trials.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2020
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  17. Baseline IL-6 independently predicts severe immune-related toxicity and poor survival in advanced gastric cancer treated with immunotherapy.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026
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237 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jeffrey S WeberJeffrey S. Weber, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; James C. Yang, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Michael B. Atkins, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Mary L. Disis, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. jeffrey.weber@moffitt.org.
James C YangJeffrey S. Weber, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; James C. Yang, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Michael B. Atkins, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Mary L. Disis, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Michael B AtkinsJeffrey S. Weber, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; James C. Yang, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Michael B. Atkins, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Mary L. Disis, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Mary L DisisJeffrey S. Weber, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; James C. Yang, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Michael B. Atkins, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Mary L. Disis, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Georgetown University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The toxicities of immunotherapy for cancer are as diverse as the type of treatments that have been devised. These range from cytokine therapies that induce capillary leakage to vaccines associated with low levels of autoimmunity to cell therapies that can induce damaging cross-reactivity with normal tissue to checkpoint protein inhibitors that induce immune-related adverse events that are autoinflammatory in nature. The thread that ties these toxicities together is their mechanism-based immune nature and the T-cell-mediated adverse events seen. The basis for the majority of these adverse events is a hyperactivated T-cell response with reactivity directed against normal tissue, resulting in the generation of high levels of CD4 T-helper cell cytokines or increased migration of cytolytic CD8 T cells within normal tissues. The T-cell immune response is not tissue specific and may reflect a diffuse expansion of the T-cell repertoire that induces cross-reactivity with normal tissue, effectively breaking tolerance that is active with cytokines, vaccines, and checkpoint protein inhibitors and passive in the case of adoptive cell therapy. Cytokines seem to generate diffuse and nonspecific T-cell reactivity, whereas checkpoint protein inhibition, vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy seem to activate more specific T cells that interact directly with normal tissues, potentially causing specific organ damage. In this review, we summarize the toxicities that are unique to immunotherapies, emphasizing the need to familiarize the oncology practitioner with the spectrum of adverse events seen with newly approved and emerging modalities.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityCancer VaccinesCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyCytokinesHumansImmunotherapyImmunotherapy, AdoptiveInterferon-alphaNeoplasmsCancer VaccinesCytokinesInterferon-alpha

Identifiers

PMID25918278
PMCPMC4881375
OpenAlexW2116607009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.