ReviewHormones and behavior2015
Long-term consequences of estrogens administered in midlife on female cognitive aging.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Direct and Long-Term Effects of Raloxifene as Adjunctive Treatment for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Trial
- Estrogen Replacement Improves Verbal Memory and Executive Control in Oligomenorrheic/Amenorrheic Athletes in a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Effects of gonadectomy on brain sex hormone levels and amyloid pathology in male and female AppJournal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Beyond Estrogen: Unraveling the Complexities of Hormonal Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Implications for Precision Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The role of estrogen in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential in women.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Effects of exercise and transient estradiol exposure in middle-aged female rats.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Connecting the Dots: Gender, Sexuality, and Societal Influences on Cognitive Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Current aging science · 2025Review
- Female mice lacking membrane estrogen receptor alpha display impairments in spatial memory.Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- Association between cognitive function and body composition in older adults: data from NHANES (1999-2002).Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Cardiometabolic health, menopausal estrogen therapy and the brain: How effects of estrogens diverge in healthy and unhealthy preclinical models of aging.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Review
- Morphologic alterations of the fear circuitry: the role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Associations Between Midlife Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use, Incident Diabetes, and Late Life Memory in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Previous estradiol treatment during midlife maintains transcriptional regulation of memory-related proteins by ERα in the hippocampus in a rat model of menopause.Neurobiology of aging · 2021Article
- Estradiol selectively regulates metabolic substrates across memory systems in models of menopause.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2021Article
- Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9-10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- It takes a neural village: Circuit-based approaches for estrogenic regulation of episodic memory.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Review
- Risk assessment of dementia after hysterectomy: Analysis of 14-year data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2020Article
- Applying a Women's Health Lens to the Study of the Aging Brain.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2019Article
- Postmenopausal hormone treatment alters neural pathways but does not improve verbal cognitive function.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- The Middle-Aged Brain: Biological sex and sex hormones shape memory circuitry.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and cognition". Many of the biochemical, structural, and functional changes that occur as the female brain ages are influenced by changes in levels of estrogens. Administration of estrogens begun during a critical window near menopause is hypothesized to prevent or delay age-associated cognitive decline. However, due to potential health risks women often limit use of estrogen therapy to a few years to treat menopausal symptoms. The long-term consequences for the brain of short-term use of estrogens are unknown. Interestingly, there are preliminary data to suggest that short-term use of estrogens during the menopausal transition may afford long-term cognitive benefits to women as they age. Thus, there is the intriguing possibility that short-term estrogen therapy may provide lasting benefits to the brain and cognition. The focus of the current review is an examination of the long-term impact for cognition of midlife use of estrogens. We review data from our lab and others indicating that the ability of midlife estrogens to impact estrogen receptors in the hippocampus may contribute to its ability to exert lasting impacts on cognition in aging females.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.