ArticleCell research2015
In-cell infection: a novel pathway for Epstein-Barr virus infection mediated by cell-in-cell structures.
Article in Cell research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- ARHGAP36 imposes a bifurcate activation of adherens junction and actomyosin to promote entosis.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Review
- Study on the Modes of Cell Death in Lung Cancer Epithelial Cells During Acute EBV Infection Using a Co-Culture Model.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- From Viral Infection to Malignancy: The Dual Threat of EBV and COVID-19 in Cancer Development.Viruses · 2025Review
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of endothelial cells via endocytosis is associated with a poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: current treatment advances, emerging targeted therapy and underlying mechanisms.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Homotypic cell-in-cell structure as a novel prognostic predictor in non-small cell lung cancer and frequently localized at the invasive front.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Subtype-based analysis of cell-in-cell structures in non-small cell lung cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Viruses of the oral cavity: Prevalence, pathobiology and association with oral diseases.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Review
- Revisiting Regulated Cell Death Responses in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cell-in-Cell: From Cell Biology to Translational Medicine.BioMed research international · 2022Review
- Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying cell-in-cell formation: core machineries and beyond.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2021Article
- Review
- Pathogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Lung Cancers.Viruses · 2021Review
- Role and dynamics of vacuolar pH during cell-in-cell mediated death.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Subtype-Based Analysis of Cell-in-Cell Structures in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Overview of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer Correlated with Prognostic Classification and Development of Therapeutic Options.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Early Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Gastric Epithelial Cells by "Cell-in-cell".Virologica Sinica · 2019Article
- Biological relevance of cell-in-cell in cancers.Biochemical Society transactions · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can infect both susceptible B lymphocytes and non-susceptible epithelial cells (ECs). Viral tropism analyses have revealed two intriguing means of EBV infection, either by a receptor-mediated infection of B cells or by a cell-to-cell contact-mediated infection of non-susceptible ECs. Herein, we report a novel "in-cell infection" mechanism for EBV infection of non-susceptible ECs through the formation of cell-in-cell structures. Epithelial CNE-2 cells were invaded by EBV-infected Akata B cells to form cell-in-cell structures in vitro. Such unique cellular structures could be readily observed in the specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Importantly, the formation of cell-in-cell structures led to the autonomous activation of EBV within Akata cells and subsequent viral transmission to CNE-2 cells, as evidenced by the expression of viral genes and the presence of virion particles in CNE-2 cells. Significantly, EBV generated from in-cell infected ECs displayed altered tropism with higher infection efficacy to both B cells and ECs. In addition to CNE-2 tumor cells, cell-in-cell structure formation could also mediate EBV infection of NPEC1-Bmi1 cells, an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. Furthermore, efficient infection by this mechanism involved the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, our study identified "in-cell infection" as a novel mechanism for EBV infection. Given the diversity of virus-infected cells and the prevalence of cell-in-cell structures during chronic infection, we speculate that "in-cell infection" is likely a general mechanism for EBV and other viruses to infect non-susceptible ECs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.