ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2015
Sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sex-Specific COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Deficiency in circulating T cells in four core genotypes mice with Sry translocation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Review
- Autoimmune diseases and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based cohort study of five million pregnancies in the UK.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent interferon signaling contributes to female-biased vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Maternal health and autism risk: parsing direct and indirect genetic effects using 3-generation family linkage.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The age paradox in post-infectious sequelae: physiological reserve outweighs chronological age in Long COVID susceptibility.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Tuber intake is independently associated with reduced risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in innate immune cell responses: Impact on cancer immunity and response to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The "Cairo Accord"- towards the eradication of RHD: revisited (2026).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond the optic disc: Investigating gender-based differences in optic neuritis.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Review
- Review
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Optimization of Induction Protocols for Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia Following Parkinson's Disease: Uncharted Territory.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Sex disparity in non-communicable disease burden in Iran from 1990 to 2021 based on the global burden of disease study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antigen-driven T cell responses in rheumatic diseases: insights from T cell receptor repertoire studies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Differential roles of human CD4Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Rheumatic heart valve disease: navigating the challenges of an overlooked autoimmune disorder.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Synergistic Effects of Extra X Chromosome on Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren Disease in Klinefelter and Triple X Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks and destroys the organs and tissues of its own host. Autoimmunity is the third most common type of disease in the United States. Because there is no cure for autoimmunity, it is extremely important to study the mechanisms that trigger these diseases. Most autoimmune diseases predominantly affect females, indicating a strong sex bias. Various factors, including sex hormones, the presence or absence of a second X chromosome, and sex-specific gut microbiota can influence gene expression in a sex-specific way. These changes in gene expression may, in turn, lead to susceptibility or protection from autoimmunity, creating a sex bias for autoimmune diseases. In this Review we discuss recent findings in the field of sex-dependent regulation of gene expression and autoimmunity.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.