ArticleOncotarget2015
Improvement of DC vaccine with ALA-PDT induced immunogenic apoptotic cells for skin squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photo- and Immunotherapy Interface: Can Dendritic Cell Vaccines Overcome the Limitations of PDT?Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Anticancer Drug Therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Neoplasms.Cells · 2026Review
- Immunogenic cell death-based cancer vaccines: promising prospect in cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Current Challenges and Opportunities of Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Revolutionizing cancer treatment: nanotechnology-enabled photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy with advanced photosensitizers.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Insight into the Prospects for Tumor Therapy Based on Photodynamic Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Combinatorial therapeutic approaches of photodynamic therapy and immune checkpoint blockade for colon cancer treatment.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Article
- Combinatorial Therapeutic Approaches with Nanomaterial-Based Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- How to improve photodynamic therapy-induced antitumor immunity for cancer treatment?Theranostics · 2022Review
- PD-L1 blockade potentiates the antitumor effects of ALA-PDT and optimizes the tumor microenvironment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2022Article
- Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Immune Responses in Three-Dimensional Tumor Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Combining Photodynamic Therapy with Immunostimulatory Nanoparticles Elicits Effective Anti-Tumor Immune Responses in Preclinical Murine Models.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Current Prospects for Treatment of Solid Tumors via Photodynamic, Photothermal, or Ionizing Radiation Therapies Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (A Review).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Review
- Article
- Dendritic Cells and Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death: A Combination for Improving Antitumor Immunity.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Review
- Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Immune Responses Triggered in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Clinical Recommendations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Immunogenic cell death induced by a new photodynamic therapy based on photosens and photodithazine.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- Inhibition of CD83 Alleviates Systemic Inflammation in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Induced Behçet's Disease Model Mouse.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines have emerged as a promising immunotherapy for cancers. However, most DC vaccines so far have achieved only limited success in cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), an established cancer treatment strategy, can cause immunogenic apoptosis to induce an effective antitumor immune response. In this study, we developed a DC-based cancer vaccine using immunogenic apoptotic tumor cells induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mediated PDT. The maturation of DCs induced by PDT-treated apoptotic cells was evaluated using electron microscopy, FACS, and ELISA. The anti-tumor immunity of ALA-PDT-DC vaccine was tested with a mouse model. We observed the maturations of DCs potentiated by ALA-PDT treated tumor cells, including morphology maturation (enlargement of dendrites and increase of lysosomes), phenotypic maturation (upregulation of surface expression of MHC-II, DC80, and CD86), and functional maturation (enhanced capability to secrete IFN-γ and IL-12, and to induce T cell proliferation). Most interestingly, PDT-induced apoptotic tumor cells are more capable of potentiating maturation of DCs than PDT-treated or freeze/thaw treated necrotic tumor cells. ALA-PDT-DC vaccine mediated by apoptotic cells provided protection against tumors in mice, far stronger than that of DC vaccine obtained from freeze/thaw treated tumor cells. Our results indicate that immunogenic apoptotic tumor cells can be more effective in enhancing a DC-based cancer vaccine, which could improve the clinical application of PDT-DC vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.