ArticlePloS one2015
Characterising Non-Structural Protein NS4 of African Horse Sickness Virus.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surveillance on African Horse Sickness Virus in China's Southern Border Regions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Strain of African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1 and Its Safety Evaluation in a Mouse Model.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Real-Time Reverse Transcription Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification for Rapid Detection of African Horse Sickness Virus.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
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- Article
- Whole-Genome Sequence and Assembly of Eight Africa Horse Sickness Virus Strains Collected in Namibia and South Africa.Microbiology resource announcements · 2023Article
- Investigating the Role of African Horse Sickness Virus VP7 Protein Crystalline Particles on Virus Replication and Release.Viruses · 2022Article
- Comparative Virus-Host Protein Interactions of the Bluetongue Virus NS4 Virulence Factor.Viruses · 2022Article
- Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Inhibition of the IFN Response by Bluetongue Virus: The Story So Far.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Reverse genetics approaches: a novel strategy for African horse sickness virus vaccine design.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Review
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- Article
- A correlation between capsid protein VP2 and the plaque morphology of African horse sickness virus in cell culture.Virus genes · 2018Article
- B-cell epitopes of African horse sickness virus serotype 4 recognised by immune horse sera.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2017Article
- Structural Protein VP2 of African Horse Sickness Virus Is Not Essential for Virus Replication In Vitro.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of African horse sickness virus.Virology · 2016Article
- Requirements and comparative analysis of reverse genetics for bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV).Virology journal · 2016Article
- Complete Genome Sequences of Four African Horse Sickness Virus Strains from a Commercial Tetravalent Live Attenuated Vaccine.Genome announcements · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
African horse sickness is a serious equid disease caused by the orbivirus African horse sickness virus (AHSV). The virus has ten double-stranded RNA genome segments encoding seven structural and three non-structural proteins. Recently, an additional protein was predicted to be encoded by genome segment 9 (Seg-9), which also encodes VP6, of most orbiviruses. This has since been confirmed in bluetongue virus and Great Island virus, and the non-structural protein was named NS4. In this study, in silico analysis of AHSV Seg-9 sequences revealed the existence of two main types of AHSV NS4, designated NS4-I and NS4-II, with different lengths and amino acid sequences. The AHSV NS4 coding sequences were in the +1 reading frame relative to that of VP6. Both types of AHSV NS4 were expressed in cultured mammalian cells, with sizes close to the predicted 17-20 kDa. Fluorescence microscopy of these cells revealed a dual cytoplasmic and nuclear, but not nucleolar, distribution that was very similar for NS4-I and NS4-II. Immunohistochemistry on heart, spleen, and lung tissues from AHSV-infected horses showed that NS4 occurs in microvascular endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes in all of these tissues, localising to the both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Interestingly, NS4 was also detected in stellate-shaped dendritic macrophage-like cells with long cytoplasmic processes in the red pulp of the spleen. Finally, nucleic acid protection assays using bacterially expressed recombinant AHSV NS4 showed that both types of AHSV NS4 bind dsDNA, but not dsRNA. Further studies will be required to determine the exact function of AHSV NS4 during viral replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.