ArticleFrontiers in plant science2015
Molecular characterization of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism Underlying the Color Differences in Apples Based on Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic profiling of red-fleshed apple and functional characterization of MdERF072 in anthocyanin biosynthesis.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Molecular Interaction of Genes Related to Anthocyanin, Lipid and Wax Biosynthesis in Apple Red-Fleshed Fruits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Regulation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies of polyphenols in apple fruits identifies the MdDof2.4Horticulture research · 2025Article
- Characterization of two reductasesFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Overexpression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Browning inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Integration of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Flower Color Formation inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Combating browning: mechanisms and management strategies inForestry research · 2024Review
- Isoenzymes of the Flavonoid and Phenylpropanoid Pathways Show Organ-Specific Regulation during Apple Fruit Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Flower Color Regulation inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Proanthocyanidins Delay Fruit Coloring and Softening by Repressing Related Gene Expression during Strawberry (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Competition between FLS and DFR regulates the distribution of flavonols and proanthocyanidins inFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiles of Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in the Development of Litchi Fruit.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Comparative Analysis of Proanthocyanidin Metabolism and Genes Regulatory Network in Fresh Leaves of Two Different Ecotypes ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antioxidant processes involving epicatechin decreased symptoms of pine wilt disease.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Identification of Oil Palm's Consistently Upregulated Genes during Early Infections ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway associated with ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) leaf color formation.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Exogenous Application of Non-mature miRNA-Encoded miPEP164c Inhibits Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Stimulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Cells.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the major component of phenolics in apple, but mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, the relationship between the PA biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) was investigated in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crabapples. Transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes were significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in PA synthesis. Surprisingly, transcript levels for both LAR1 and LAR2 genes were almost undetectable in two crabapples that accumulated both flavan-3-ols and PAs. This contradicts the previous finding that LAR1 gene is a strong candidate regulating the accumulation of metabolites such as epicatechin and PAs in apple. Ectopic expression of apple MdLAR1 gene in tobacco suppresses expression of the late genes in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, resulting in loss of anthocyanin in flowers. Interestingly, a decrease in PA biosynthesis was also observed in flowers of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the MdLAR1 gene, which could be attributed to decreased expression of both the NtANR1 and NtANR2 genes. Our study not only confirms the in vivo function of apple LAR1 gene, but it is also helpful for understanding the mechanism of PA biosynthesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.