ReviewFrontiers in human neuroscience2015
New insights into the pathophysiology of post-stroke spasticity.
Review in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 128 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Inhibitory Kinesio Taping Application on Severity of Spasticity, Increased Stretch Reflex and Motor Neuron Activity: Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trials
Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Contralesional Dorsal Premotor Cortex on Post Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity
To Estimate the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection Combing With Exoskeleton Robotic Assisted Gait Training in Stroke Patients With Spastic Stiff Knee Gait: Motor Function Performance and Neurophysiological Evaluation
Neural Operant Conditioning to Improve Walking After Stroke
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Robot-Aided Systems for Improving the Assessment of Upper Limb Spasticity: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Network meta-analysis of different acupuncture methods for post-stroke upper-limb spasticity.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Botulinum toxin A combining with robot-assisted bimanual therapy integrating mirror therapy versus botulinum toxin A combining with robot-assisted bimanual therapy in patients with post-stroke spastic fingers: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Effect of arm ergometer versus stabilization exercises on trunk control and pper extremity functions in children with diplegia: a randomized controlled trial.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Trial
- Effects of high-definition tDCS targeting individual motor hotspot with EMG-driven robotic hand training on upper extremity motor function: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Effects of short term water immersion on peripheral reflex excitability in hemiplegic and healthy individuals: A preliminary study.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2016Trial
- Construction and verification of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Post-Stroke Abnormal Synergies Are a Resultant Behavior of the Interplay of Weakness, Spasticity, and Environmental Demands.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2026Review
- Effects of Different Numbers of Stimulations in Single-Session Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spasticity Improvement in Individuals With Subacute Hemiparetic Stroke: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Early Treatment of Post-Stroke Spasticity with Botulinum Toxin Type A: Myth or Reality?Toxins · 2026Review
- Galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals disruption of ipsilesional brainstem pathways in hemiparetic stroke survivors.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Upper-Limb Cryoneurolysis for Painful Post-Stroke Spasticity in Severely Impaired Upper Limbs: A Feasibility Case Series.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Spasticity in Stroke and Other Neuromotor Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Acupuncture as an Adjunct to Physiotherapy in Post-Stroke Spastic Hand: Comparative Case Series Analysis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lower-Limb Spasticity in an Individual With Subacute Stroke: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Spasticity: A Preliminary Case Series.Brain sciences · 2026Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity is one of many consequences after stroke. It is characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in resistance during passive stretch, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. The underlying mechanism of the hyperexcitable stretch reflex, however, remains poorly understood. Accumulated experimental evidence has supported supraspinal origins of spasticity, likely from an imbalance between descending inhibitory and facilitatory regulation of spinal stretch reflexes secondary to cortical disinhibition after stroke. The excitability of reticulospinal (RST) and vestibulospinal tracts (VSTs) has been assessed in stroke survivors with spasticity using non-invasive indirect measures. There are strong experimental findings that support the RST hyperexcitability as a prominent underlying mechanism of post-stroke spasticity. This mechanism can at least partly account for clinical features associated with spasticity and provide insightful guidance for clinical assessment and management of spasticity. However, the possible role of VST hyperexcitability cannot be ruled out from indirect measures. In vivo measure of individual brainstem nuclei in stroke survivors with spasticity using advanced fMRI techniques in the future is probably able to provide direct evidence of pathogenesis of post-stroke spasticity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.