ReviewOncoTargets and therapy2015
The human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir is potentially active against urological malignancies.
Review in OncoTargets and therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ritonavir's Evolving Role: A Journey from Antiretroviral Therapy to Broader Medical Applications.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Structural Characterization of Heat Shock Protein 90β and Molecular Interactions with Geldanamycin and Ritonavir: A Computational Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Strategy Utilizing Protein-Protein Interaction Hubs for the Treatment of Cancer Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir): A new approach to Covid-19 therapy?Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Review
- Drug repurposing-an emerging strategy in cancer therapeutics.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- Drug repurposing: re-inventing therapies for cancer without re-entering the development pipeline-a review.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2022Review
- Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors as Anti-Filarial Drugs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The (Still Unknown) Hypothetical Protective Role of COVID-19 Therapy in Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Toxicities Associated With Metformin/Ritonavir Combination Treatment in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia · 2020Article
- UL36 Encoded by Marek's Disease Virus Exhibits Linkage-Specific Deubiquitinase Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: interference with inflammatory signaling pathways.Immunology · 2020Review
- Nelfinavir and Ritonavir Kill Bladder Cancer Cells Synergistically by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.Oncology research · 2018Article
- Inhibition of MMP-9 expression by ritonavir or saquinavir is associated with inactivation of the AKT/Fra-1 pathway in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cells.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- Progress in Treatment of Viral Infections in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Oncology reviews · 2016Review
- Antitumor action of temozolomide, ritonavir and aprepitant against human glioma cells.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir has recently been shown to have antineoplastic activity, and its use in urological malignancies is under investigation with an eye toward drug repositioning. Ritonavir is thought to exert its antineoplastic activity by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways, including the Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. It can increase the amount of unfolded proteins in the cell by inhibiting both the proteasome and heat shock protein 90. Combinations of ritonavir with agents that increase the amount of unfolded proteins, such as proteasome inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, or heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, therefore, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress cooperatively and thereby kill cancer cells effectively. Ritonavir is also a potent cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibitor, increasing the intracellular concentration of combined drugs by inhibiting their degradation and efflux from cancer cells and thereby enhancing their antineoplastic activity. Furthermore, riotnavir's antineoplastic activity includes modulation of immune system activity. Therapies using ritonavir are thus an attractive new approach to cancer treatment and, due to their novel mechanisms of action, are expected to be effective against malignancies that are refractory to current treatment strategies. Further investigations using ritonavir are expected to find new uses for clinically available drugs in the treatment of urological malignancies as well as many other types of cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.