ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Distribution and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Irrigation Ponds in the Southeastern United States.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Salmonella enterica serovars co-exist sporadically and at low abundance in US mid-Atlantic irrigation ponds.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Large-volume sampling for improved characterization of microbial contamination in agricultural waters: a case study from southeastern U.S. produce farms.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial ResistantInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Performance of Conditional Random Forest and Regression Models at Predicting Human Fecal Contamination of Produce Irrigation Ponds in the Southeastern United States.ACS ES&T water · 2024Article
- Detection ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Prevalence of STEC virulence markers andFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Conditional Forest Models Built Using Metagenomic Data Accurately PredictedMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Georgia, USA: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype Diversity, and Genetic Relatedness to Human Isolates.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Anaerobic soil disinfestation, amendment-type, and irrigation regimen influence Salmonella survival and die-off in agricultural soils.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Article
- Revisiting the Biological Behavior ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water and Its Impact on Global Food Safety.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Free-Living Aquatic Turtles as Sentinels ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella spp. From Irrigation Water in Two Major Sources in Jordan.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Total Coliform and GenericHorticulturae · 2020Article
- Landscape, Water Quality, and Weather Factors Associated With an Increased Likelihood of Foodborne Pathogen Contamination of New York Streams Used to Source Water for Produce Production.Frontiers in sustainable food systems · 2020Article
- Complex Interactions Between Weather, and Microbial and Physicochemical Water Quality Impact the Likelihood of Detecting Foodborne Pathogens in Agricultural Water.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Correlation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Preharvest Transmission Routes of Fresh Produce Associated Bacterial Pathogens with Outbreak Potentials: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Irrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination by Salmonella enterica. Therefore, the distribution of S. enterica was surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds (n = 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern Georgia and northern Florida. All ponds and 28.2% of all samples (n = 635) were positive for Salmonella, with an overall geometric mean concentration (0.26 most probable number [MPN]/liter) that was relatively low compared to prior reports for rivers in this region. Salmonella peaks were seasonal; the levels correlated with increased temperature and rainfall (P < 0.05). The numbers and occurrence were significantly higher in water (0.32 MPN/liter and 37% of samples) than in sediment (0.22 MPN/liter and 17% of samples) but did not vary with depth. Representative isolates (n = 185) from different ponds, sample types, and seasons were examined for resistance to 15 different antibiotics; most strains were resistant to streptomycin (98.9%), while 20% were multidrug resistant (MDR) for 2 to 6 antibiotics. DiversiLab repetitive extragenic palindromic-element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) revealed genetic diversity and showed 43 genotypes among 191 isolates, as defined by >95% similarity. The genotypes did not partition by pond, season, or sample type. Genetic similarity to known serotypes indicated Hadar, Montevideo, and Newport as the most prevalent. All ponds achieved the current safety standards for generic Escherichia coli in agricultural water, and regression modeling showed that the E. coli level was a significant predictor for the probability of Salmonella occurrence. However, persistent populations of Salmonella were widely distributed in irrigation ponds, and the associated risks for produce contamination and subsequent human exposure are unknown, supporting continued surveillance of this pathogen in agricultural settings.
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