ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2015
Regulation of bitter taste responses by tumor necrosis factor.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The causes of cachexia: key signals and the brain.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Lactoferrin and zinc sulfate supplementation alleviate cisplatin-induced taste disorder: underlying mechanisms via taste and immune modulation.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Exploring the link between burning mouth syndrome and human herpesvirus-6B: a narrative review on pathogenesis.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Review
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- Electrophysiological Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein in U251 Human Glioblastoma Cells: Possible Implications in Gliomagenesis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Generalised Periodontitis: Examining TAS2R16 Serum Levels and Common Gene Polymorphisms (rs860170, rs978739, rs1357949).Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Connection between nutrition and oncology in dogs and cats: perspectives, evidence, and implications-a comprehensive review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Altered peripheral taste function in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin.Toxics · 2023Review
- Article
- Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Study on tongue coating microbes of bitter taste, sticky and greasy taste in chronic atrophic gastritis.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2023Article
- Disgusting odors trigger the oral immune system.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2023Article
- Type II taste cells participate in mucosal immune surveillance.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Inflammatory-mediated taste dysfunction - Is NO the key?Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Smell and Taste Function and Their Disturbances in Sjögren's Syndrome.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation increases nitric oxide production in taste buds.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are important regulators of metabolism and food intake. Over production of inflammatory cytokines during bacterial and viral infections leads to anorexia and reduced food intake. However, it remains unclear whether any inflammatory cytokines are involved in the regulation of taste reception, the sensory mechanism governing food intake. Previously, we showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, is preferentially expressed in a subset of taste bud cells. The level of TNF in taste cells can be further induced by inflammatory stimuli. To investigate whether TNF plays a role in regulating taste responses, in this study, we performed taste behavioral tests and gustatory nerve recordings in TNF knockout mice. Behavioral tests showed that TNF-deficient mice are significantly less sensitive to the bitter compound quinine than wild-type mice, while their responses to sweet, umami, salty, and sour compounds are comparable to those of wild-type controls. Furthermore, nerve recording experiments showed that the chorda tympani nerve in TNF knockout mice is much less responsive to bitter compounds than that in wild-type mice. Chorda tympani nerve responses to sweet, umami, salty, and sour compounds are similar between TNF knockout and wild-type mice, consistent with the results from behavioral tests. We further showed that taste bud cells express the two known TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 and, therefore, are potential targets of TNF. Together, our results suggest that TNF signaling preferentially modulates bitter taste responses. This mechanism may contribute to taste dysfunction, particularly taste distortion, associated with infections and some chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.