ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant, H58-lineage Salmonella typhi in Blantyre, Malawi.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance amongThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Complications and Their Relation to Duration of Illness Preceding Hospitalization: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Case Fatality Rate of Enteric Fever in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Pooled it
- Seasonal dynamics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of a typhoid conjugate vaccine among children aged 9 months to 12 years in Malawi: a nested substudy of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Malawian Children.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium Malawi: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial of the Clinical Efficacy of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Among Children in Blantyre, Malawi.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Global trends and molecular epidemiology of Azithromycin-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Does plastic waste present an infection hazard? Current evidence, surveillance challenges and research priorities.One health outlook · 2026Review
- Genomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- High prevalence of multi-drug resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi and emerging fluoroquinolone resistance among febrile children in Nairobi County, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Diversity of Salmonella enterica isolates from urban river and sewage water in Blantyre, Malawi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The TyphiNET data visualisation dashboard: unlocking Salmonella Typhi genomics data to support public health.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Cost of the typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction through an integrated campaign and follow-on routine immunization in Malawi.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Genetic heterogeneity in theMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Modelling Salmonella Typhi in high-density urban Blantyre neighbourhood, Malawi, using point pattern methods.Scientific reports · 2024Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBetween 1998 and 2010, S. Typhi was an uncommon cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) in Blantyre, Malawi and it was usually susceptible to first-line antimicrobial therapy. In 2011 an increase in a multidrug resistant (MDR) strain was detected through routine bacteriological surveillance conducted at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH).
methodsLongitudinal trends in culture-confirmed Typhoid admissions at QECH were described between 1998-2014. A retrospective review of patient cases notes was conducted, focusing on clinical presentation, prevalence of HIV and case-fatality. Isolates of S. Typhi were sequenced and the phylogeny of Typhoid in Blantyre was reconstructed and placed in a global context.
resultsBetween 1998-2010, there were a mean of 14 microbiological diagnoses of Typhoid/year at QECH, of which 6.8% were MDR. This increased to 67 in 2011 and 782 in 2014 at which time 97% were MDR. The disease predominantly affected children and young adults (median age 11 [IQR 6-21] in 2014). The prevalence of HIV in adult patients was 16.7% [8/48], similar to that of the general population (17.8%). Overall, the case fatality rate was 2.5% (3/94). Complications included anaemia, myocarditis, pneumonia and intestinal perforation. 112 isolates were sequenced and the phylogeny demonstrated the introduction and clonal expansion of the H58 lineage of S. Typhi.
conclusionsSince 2011, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of multidrug resistant, H58-lineage Typhoid in Blantyre. This is one of a number of reports of the re-emergence of Typhoid in Southern and Eastern Africa. There is an urgent need to understand the reservoirs and transmission of disease and how to arrest this regional increase.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.